Potential emissions reduction in road transport sector using biofuel in developing countries

Liaquat, A.M.; Kalam, M.A.; Masjuki, H.H.; Jayed, M.H.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.003

Cited by 202 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Brazil, China, and India are world leaders in ethanol production, surpassed only by the US [55]. Warm-climate countries such as Argentina, Colombia, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines which produce large amounts of palm, coconut, soybean, and jatropha oil show promise for the adoption of biodiesel [56]. However, biofuels present various challenges depending on the type of feedstock.…”

Section: Technological Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities

2015

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Abstract:Megacities have frequently received a disproportionate amount of attention over other sizes of cities in recent discourse on urban sustainability. In this article, the authors argue that a focus on smaller and medium-sized cities is crucial to achieving substantial progress towards more sustainable urban development, not only because they are home to at least a quarter of the world's population but because they also offer great potential for sustainable transformations. In principle, their size allows for flexibility in terms of urban expansion, adoption of "green" travel modes, and environmental protection. At the same time, smaller and medium-sized cities often have fewer resources to implement new transport measures and can be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the world economy. This article critically reviews the potential role and impact of nine commonly considered options for sustainable urban transport in cities in developing countries: (1) road infrastructure; (2) rail-based public transport; (3) road-based public transport; (4) support for non-motorized travel modes; (5) technological solutions; (6) awareness-raising campaigns; (7) pricing mechanisms; (8) vehicle access restrictions; and (9) control of land-uses. Drawing on international research and examples of policies to reduce the environmental impacts of transport in urban areas, this article identifies some key lessons for sustainable urban transport in smaller and medium-sized cities in developing countries. These lessons are certainly not always identical to those for megacities in the global south. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 7785

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Section: Technological Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities

2015

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“…The use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel vehicles, coastal ships, and merchant vessels also results in fewer poisonous emissions into the atmosphere [1]. Moreover, biodiesel that leaks or is discharged from marine vessels into the ocean generally decomposes into less harmful components and causes much less pollution to the ocean environment [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced from a High-Acid Oil from Soybean Soapstock by Supercritical-Methanol Transesterification

Lin

2012

Energies

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A supercritical methanol transesterification method was applied to produce biodiesel from the high-acid oil of soybean soapstock. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced with various molar ratios of methanol to raw oil were analyzed and compared in this experimental study. Oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and palmitic acid (C16:0)were the three main compounds in the high-acid oil-biodiesel. The saturated fatty acid content of the high-acid oil increased significantly due to the supercritical-methanol transesterification reaction. The fuel characteristics of the resulting high-acid oil, including the specific gravity and kinematic viscosity, were also greatly improved. The saturated fatty acid content of the biodiesel produced from the high-acid oil was higher than that of biodiesel from waste cooking oil produced by the subcritical transesterification using a strongly alkaline catalyst. The high-acid oil-biodiesel that was produced with a molar ratio of methanol to raw oil of 42 had the best fuel properties, including a higher distillation temperature and cetane index and a lower kinematic viscosity and water content, among the biodiesels with different molar ratios.

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“…Section 4 follows with a numerical example, and, finally, Section 5 draws a conclusion. Because carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas and plays the most important role in global warming [13], so we will take carbon dioxide as an example to calculate the greenhouse gas mitigation quantity and benefit of high-speed railway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Benefit of High-Speed Railway in Terms of Carbon Tax

Su-fen

Xie

et al. 2013

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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This paper calculates the carbon dioxide mitigation benefit of high-speed railway based on the carbon dioxide tax policy. We define the carbon dioxide emission system boundary for high-speed railway in its whole life cycle and estimate the life cycle carbon dioxide inventories during its construction, application, and recovery stages. And then we establish a theoretical model to calculate the life cycle carbon dioxide mitigation quantity for high-speed railway when compared with road transport and then calculate its carbon dioxide mitigation benefit. The numerical example shows that the carbon dioxide mitigation benefit of high-speed railway is better than that of road transport from the whole life cycle perspective.

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Potential emissions reduction in road transport sector using biofuel in developing countries

Cited by 202 publications

References 96 publications

Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities

Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities

Fuel Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced from a High-Acid Oil from Soybean Soapstock by Supercritical-Methanol Transesterification

Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Benefit of High-Speed Railway in Terms of Carbon Tax

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