Potential for Passenger Car Energy Recovery through the Use of Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS)

Metz, L. Daniel

doi:10.4271/2013-01-0407

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A new concept developed, known as electric KERS can store energy and provide it back to other systems by being connected to traction batteries or other electronics such as an electric turbocharger or an electric pump in the engine [43]. The technology of KERS was introduced in Formula 1 during the 2011 season and was mandated by the FIA in all the cars [44]. As per [43], most of the F1 and LMP1 hybrid-powertrain car companies such as Toyota and Porsche have shown a deep interest in harvesting the energy in every way possible.…”

Section: Regenerative Brakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Clean Automotive Thermal Propulsion Options for India to 2030

2020

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This paper presents the evaluation of near-future advanced internal combustion engine technologies to reach near zero-emission in vehicles with in the Indian market. Extensive research was carried out to propose the rationalise the most promising, new ICE technologies which can be implemented in the vehicles to reduce CO2 emissions until the year 2030. A total of six technologies were considered that could be implemented in the Indian market. An initial market survey was carried out on the Indian automotive industry and electric vehicles in India, followed by an in-depth analysis and understanding of each technology through literature review. The main aim of the paper was to construct methods for a successful implementation of clean ICE technologies in the near future and to, also, predict a percentage reduction of CO2 tailpipe emissions from the vehicles. To do this, different objectives were laid out with a view to reducing the tailpipe CO2 emissions. Especially with the recent and legitimate focus on climate change in the world, this study aims to provide practical solutions pathway for India. Widespread research was carried out on all six technologies proposed within the automotive market in India and a set of main graphs represent CO2 emission reduction starting from 2020 until 2030. A significant reduction of CO2 was observed in the graph plot at the end of the paper and the technologies were successfully implemented for the Indian market to curb tailpipe CO2 emissions. A methodology based on calculating the vehicle fuel consumption was implemented and a graph was plotted showing the reduction of CO2 emissions until 2030. The starting point of the graph is 2020, when BS-VI comes into effect in India (April 2020). The CO2 limit taken into consideration here has been defined by the Government at 113 CO2 g/km. The paper fulfilled the aim of predicting the effects of implementing the technologies and the subsequent reductions of CO2 emissions for India.

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Section: Regenerative Brakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Clean Automotive Thermal Propulsion Options for India to 2030

2020

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“…Electric vehicles (EVs) have received significant attention because of the global environmental crisis and pressure on energy sources. Compared to conventional vehicles, electric vehicles can recapture kinetic energy during deceleration using a regenerative braking system without requiring any additional components [1]. A regenerative braking system can recover kinetic energy into a battery through an electric motor, which is also used to produce a regenerative braking torque to the wheels to realize braking [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Control Algorithm for the Novel Regenerative–Mechanical Coupled Brake System with by-Wire Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for an Electric Vehicle

Guoye

Gong

et al. 2018

Energies

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Current regenerative braking systems in electric vehicles have several problems, such as complex structures, too many control parameters, and inconsistent braking responses. To solve these problems, a control algorithm with multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is proposed based on the novel regenerative-mechanical coupled brake-by-wire system. A dynamic model of the novel regenerative braking system was established to analyze the mechanism of coupled braking and propose a braking torque distribution strategy. To realize a better balance between the optimum braking stability and the maximum regenerative energy recovery based on the braking torque distribution strategy and sample points, the MDO mathematical model was developed to optimize the control parameters with the collaborative optimization algorithm. The finite sample points comprising the vehicle speed, battery state-of-charge, and braking severity were obtained through an optimal Latin hypercube design and represent the overall design space. A network was established based on the sample points and the optimization results. Using this network, the in-depth characteristics of the sample points and the optimization results were obtained through supervised learning to develop the control algorithm for vehicle braking. A simulation was performed using the normal braking condition, and the simulation results demonstrated that the control algorithm has higher control precision than conventional methods and better real-time performance than online optimization.Energies 2018, 11, 2322 2 of 18 be modulated to control the overall braking torque for meeting the requirements [5]. The regenerative braking torque depends on the motor characteristics [6], the charging power capability of the battery [7], and the available tire-road friction [8]; hence, existing research has focused on improving the braking energy recovery efficiency by distributing the torque between regenerative braking and friction braking based on drivers' demands.In engineering practice, several rule-based regenerative braking strategies have been proposed and used in recent years. For a rear-driven electric truck, a modified control strategy that determines how to distribute the braking force between the front and rear axles was proposed by Zhang to improve the recovery efficiency [9]. Xiao presented an integrated control strategy to coordinate regenerative and friction braking forces to deal with the braking stability and recovery efficiency when a vehicle performed normal deceleration and emergency braking [3]. To regenerate more braking energy and move closer to the ideal braking force distribution curve, a combined braking control strategy was developed for the rear wheel-driven series hybrid electric EV to adjust the proportions of regenerative braking and friction braking [10]. A regenerative braking cooperative control strategy was proposed by Jiweon for hybrid EVs equipped with a hydraulic brake on the rear wheels and an electronic wedge brake on the front wheels [11].Optimization and...

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“…Some evaluation methods of the contribution made by regenerative braking to an electric vehicle’s energy efficiency improvement have been proposed. 11,12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of road gradient on regenerative braking energy in a pure electric vehicle

Bian

Qiu

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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A regenerative brake system significantly improves the energy efficiency of electric vehicles, but road gradient can adversely affect fuel economy and vehicle control. This study seeks to explore the effects of road gradient on the regenerative brake system on the basis of driving information collected by global positioning systems (GPS) and inertial sensors, including road gradient and vehicle speed. Then optimization is made of conventional parallel control strategy, serial control strategy with fixed front–rear brake force allocation, and serial control strategy with optimal energy recovery. By calculating the contribution ratio to energy consumption reduction in each of the three strategies based on a model of pure electric vehicle’s energy flow, the roles that road gradient plays are carefully investigated. Simulation results show that our proposal for taking road gradient into account helps to design more efficient strategies of regenerative braking systems.

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Potential for Passenger Car Energy Recovery through the Use of Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS)

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Overview of Clean Automotive Thermal Propulsion Options for India to 2030

Overview of Clean Automotive Thermal Propulsion Options for India to 2030

A Control Algorithm for the Novel Regenerative–Mechanical Coupled Brake System with by-Wire Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for an Electric Vehicle

Effect of road gradient on regenerative braking energy in a pure electric vehicle

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