Potential Hypoglycaemic and Antiobesity Effects of Senna italica Leaf Acetone Extract

Abstract

Background Type II diabetes is on the rise while obesity is one of the strongest risk factors of type II diabetes. The search for a drug for type II that can equally mitigate obesity related complication is desired. Methods The acetone leaf extract of Senna italica was evaluated for its cytotoxic, antiglycation, and lipolytic effect, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 translocation and expression using published methods, while that for adipogenesis and protein expression levels of obesity related adipokines was assessed using adipogenesis assay and mouse adipokine proteome profiler kit, respectively. The possible mechanism of glucose uptake was assessed through the inhibition of PI3K pathway. Results The extract had no adverse effect on 3T3-L1 cell viability (CC50 > 1000 μg/ml). High antiglycation effect was attained at 10 mg/ml, while at 25–200 μg/ml it showed no significant increase in adipogenesis and lipolysis. The extract at 100 μg/ml was shown to decrease the expression levels of various adipokines and minimal glucose uptake at 50–100 μg/ml with a nonsignificant antagonistic effect when used in combination with insulin. GLUT4 translocation and expression were attained at 50–100 μg/ml with an increase in GLUT4 expression when in combination with insulin. Conclusion The acetone leaf extract of S. italica stimulates glucose uptake through the PI3K-dependent pathway and can serve as a source of therapeutic agent for the downregulation of obesity-associated adipokines in obesity and antiglycation agents.

Insulin Mimetic Properties of Extracts Prepared from Bellis perennis

“…We were able to identify two extracts (4404 and 4407) prepared from Bellis perennis (common daisy) as potent compound mixtures capable of inducing GLUT4 translocation. Concentrations of only 250–500 µg/L, which are 100–1000 times lower than the one reported for various others, mainly ethanolic/methanolic, plant extracts [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], resulted in a significant increase of GLUT4 molecules in the plasma membrane. Additionally, the homemade ethanolic Bellis perennis extract prepared from raw material collected from the local area proved to be even more potent in inducing GLUT4 translocation.…”

Ethanolic Extract of Folium Sennae Mediates the Glucose Uptake of L6 Cells by GLUT4 and Ca2+

“…It is mostly intracellular in the unstimulated state but is acutely redistributed to the PM in response to insulin, contraction, and other stimuli [ 9 ]. The amount of glucose uptake is determined by the number of GLUT4 molecules on the muscle cell membranes [ 36 , 45 ]. Relevant studies reported that GLUT4 translocation and fusion with PM were the main rate-limiting steps for glucose disposal [ 46 , 47 ].…”

“…Thilagam et al discovered that the ethanolic leaf extract of Senna surattensis inhibited the carbohydrate digestive enzymes and increased the peripheral glucose uptake in the isolated rat hemidiaphragm model [ 34 ]. Malematja et al showed that Senna italica leaf acetone extract promoted glucose uptake and anti-obesity through the PI3K-dependent pathway [ 36 ]. However, only a few studies have assessed the possible hypoglycemic properties and hypoglycemic mechanisms of Folium Sennae (FSE).…”

A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant and Anti-Infectious Properties of Senna Plants

“…Some studies have shown the antidiabetic activity of Senna plants due to the content of phenols and flavonoids [14]. The antidiabetic effects have as mechanisms the decrease of the expression levels of different adipokines and the reduction of glucose absorption [15].…”