Potential interaction between the oral microbiota and COVID-19: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics prediction

Tan, Li; Zhong, Meng-Mei; Liu, Qiong; Chen, Yun; Zhao, Ya‐Qiong; Zhao, Jie; Dusenge, Marie Aimee; Feng, Yun; Ye, Qin; Hu, Jing; Ou-Yang, Ze-Yue; Zhou, Yinghui; Guo, Yue; Feng, Yun‐Zhi

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193340

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In this meta-analysis, the Shannon index of COVID-19/influenza patients was reduced versus no COVID-19/influenza controls, which is consistent with the results of previous researches (17,18). Furthermore, when comparing COVID-19 patients with non-COVID-19 patients primarily presenting other respiratory symptoms such as flu and pneumonia, the Shannon index showed no significant difference.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Perturbations in gut and respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 and influenza patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chu,

Song,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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ObjectivesCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)/influenza poses unprecedented challenges to the global economy and healthcare services. Numerous studies have described alterations in the microbiome of COVID-19/influenza patients, but further investigation is needed to understand the relationship between the microbiome and these diseases. Herein, through systematic comparison between COVID-19 patients, long COVID-19 patients, influenza patients, no COVID-19/influenza controls and no COVID-19/influenza patients, we conducted a comprehensive review to describe the microbial change of respiratory tract/digestive tract in COVID-19/influenza patients.MethodsWe systematically reviewed relevant literature by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to August 12, 2023. We conducted a comprehensive review to explore microbial alterations in patients with COVID-19/influenza. In addition, the data on α-diversity were summarized and analyzed by meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 134 studies comparing COVID-19 patients with controls and 18 studies comparing influenza patients with controls were included. The Shannon indices of the gut and respiratory tract microbiome were slightly decreased in COVID-19/influenza patients compared to no COVID-19/influenza controls. Meanwhile, COVID-19 patients with more severe symptoms also exhibited a lower Shannon index versus COVID-19 patients with milder symptoms. The intestinal microbiome of COVID-19 patients was characterized by elevated opportunistic pathogens along with reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing microbiota. Moreover, Enterobacteriaceae (including Escherichia and Enterococcus) and Lactococcus, were enriched in the gut and respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients. Conversely, Haemophilus and Neisseria showed reduced abundance in the respiratory tract of both COVID-19 and influenza patients.ConclusionIn this systematic review, we identified the microbiome in COVID-19/influenza patients in comparison with controls. The microbial changes in influenza and COVID-19 are partly similar.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Perturbations in gut and respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 and influenza patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chu,

Song,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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“…In a meta-analysis conducted by the team (authors), it was observed that additionally, COVID-19 disease significantly deepens the differences in the composition of the oral microbiota, especially in older people > 60 years of age compared to the group of patients < 60 years of age. These changes mainly involve a reduction in alpha diversity and an increase in the imbalance of the oral microbiome, which consequently leads to an increase in the level of opportunistic pathogens, including: Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Prevotella Porphyromonas and Aggregatibacter 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of the protocol for oral cavity examination and collecting of the biological samples for microbiome research using the next-generation sequencing (NGS): own experience with the COVID-19 patients

Brzychczy-Sroka,

Talaga-Ćwiertnia,

Sroka-Oleksiak

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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To date, publications have shown that compositions of oral microbiota differ depending on their habitats (e.g. tongue, tonsils, pharynx). The absence of set standards for the choice of the areas and conditions of material collection makes the oral microbiome one of the most difficult environments for a comparative analysis with other researchers, which is a meaningful limitation during an assessment of the potential effects of microorganisms as biomarkers in the courses of various human diseases. Therefore, standardisation of basic conditions of a dental examination and collection of material for the next generation sequencing (NGS) is worth attempting. The standardisation of the dental exam and collection of the clinical materials: saliva, swab from the tongue ridge, hard palate, palatine tonsils and oropharynx, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque. Protocol involved the patients (n = 60), assigned to 3 groups: I—COVID-19 convalescents who received antibiotics, n = 17, II—COVID-19 convalescents, n = 23 and III—healthy individuals, n = 20. The collected biological samples were used to conduct NGS (16S rRNA). The conditions of patient preparation for collecting biological materials as well as the schedule of dental examination, were proposed. Based on the research conducted, we have indicated the dental indicators that best differentiate the group of COVID-19 patients (groups I and II) from healthy people (group III). These include the DMFT, D and BOP indices. The use of alpha and beta diversity analysis provided an overall insight into the diversity of microbial communities between specific niches and patient groups. The most different diversity between the studied group of patients (group II) and healthy people (group III) was noted in relation to the supragingival plaque. The order of activities during the dental exam as well as while collecting and securing clinical materials is particularly important to avoid technical errors and material contamination which may result in erroneous conclusions from the analyses of the results of sensitive tests such as the NGS. It has been shown that the dental indices: DMFT, D number, PI and BOP are the best prognostic parameters to assess the oral health. Based on beta diversity the most sensitive niche and susceptible to changes in the composition of the microbiota is the supragingival plaque. The procedures developed by our team can be applied as ready-to-use forms in studies conducted by other researchers.

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“…Literature regarding the role of SARS-CoV-2 and bacteria co-infection in oral disease is even more scarce. A meta-analysis study by Tan et al demonstrates a drastic difference in the oral microbiome composition in COVID-19-positive patients compared to healthy controls, especially among the elderly [141]. Furthermore, a metagenomic analysis of COVID-19-positive patients revealed high reads of bacteria commonly implicated in oral disease (e.g., P. intermedia, Streptococci, Fusobacterium, Trepenome, and Veillonella) [110].…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases

Banks,

Capistrano,

Brandini

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Viral infection of oral mucosal epithelia triggers an immune response that results in prolonged inflammation. The clinical and systemic disease manifestations of HHV have been researched extensively, and several recent studies have illuminated the relationship between HHV and oral inflammatory diseases. Burgeoning evidence suggests the oral manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes xerostomia, dysgeusia, periodontal disease, mucositis, and opportunistic viral and bacterial infections, collectively described as oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These diverse sequelae could be a result of intensified immune responses initially due to the copious production of proinflammatory cytokines: the so-called “cytokine storm syndrome”, facilitating widespread oral and non-oral tissue damage. This review explores the interplay between HHV, SARS-CoV-2, and oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, endodontic disease, and peri-implantitis. Additionally, the review discusses proper diagnostic techniques for identifying viral infection and how viral diagnostics can lead to improved overall patient health.

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Potential interaction between the oral microbiota and COVID-19: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics prediction

Cited by 13 publications

References 78 publications

Perturbations in gut and respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 and influenza patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Perturbations in gut and respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 and influenza patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Standardization of the protocol for oral cavity examination and collecting of the biological samples for microbiome research using the next-generation sequencing (NGS): own experience with the COVID-19 patients

Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases

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