Potential of Bacillus subtilis Against SARS-CoV-2 – A Sustainable Drug Development Perspective

Khodavirdipour, Amir; Chamanrokh, Parastoo; Alikhani, Mohammad Yousef; Alikhani, Mohammad Sina

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.718786

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…During the COVID-19, in order to prevent and control cross-infection and spread, government departments implement measures such as public health pandemic prevention, personnel isolation and travel restrictions, resulting in a sharp decline in population mobility, causing the direct blockade in terms of people, logistics and commodity flow ( 33 ). Due to it most people are isolated at home, and the out-of-home consumption activities plummet sharply, which reduce the consumption and demand of products and services, causing the original inventory backlog of firms, the increase of the inventory cost, and the reduction of firm profits.…”

Section: Literature Review and Research Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic and SMEs Performance Decline: The Mediating Role of Management Innovation and Organizational Resilience

Hong-chuan

Wei

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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It is a major practical problem to find out a pathway for firms to quickly recover from the performance decline in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and other sudden major crisis in the current academic circles. Based on event system theory and structural adjustment to regain fit model, this paper empirically explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SMEs performance decline and discusses the management innovation response and organizational resilience mechanism of firms by virtue of the questionnaire survey data of SMEs in Guangdong Science and Technology Park in China. The research results elucidate that the criticality and disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic will not only lead to the SMEs performance decline, but also enable SMEs to carry out management innovation. Moreover, management innovation does not directly curb the SMEs performance decline caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, but indirectly inhibit it by promoting organizational resilience. In other words, the COVID-19 pandemic will indirectly promote organizational resilience through firm management innovation, thereby curbing the SMEs performance decline. A path of management innovation response and organizational resilience to reverse the performance decline can be obtained in the study when SMEs confronting sudden major crisis. Furthermore, the study also expands the application scope of structural adjustment to regain fit model, which provides a useful reference for firm crisis response and sustainable development.

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Section: Literature Review and Research Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic and SMEs Performance Decline: The Mediating Role of Management Innovation and Organizational Resilience

Hong-chuan

Wei

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Scientists are committed to finding appropriate methods for the pandemic to treat and control its spread. Researchers from all disciplines come together to provide expertise (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds. Viral ribonucleic acids can be detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.…”

Section: Technicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large amount of academic literature on COVID-19 has been emerging in many disciplines, including a great deal of metaresearch summarizing ongoing vaccine development or even drug discovery (3)(4)(5) and published papers (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). In addition, there is a rapidly emerging COVID-19 patent literature, despite the short time since the pandemic began.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What, Where, When and How of COVID-19 Patents Landscape: A Bibliometrics Review

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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Two years after COVID-19 came into being, many technologies have been developed to bring highly promising bedside methods to help fight this epidemic disease. However, owing to viral mutation, how far the promise can be realized remains unclear. Patents might act as an additional source of information for informing research and policy and anticipating important future technology developments. A comprehensive study of 3741 COVID-19-related patents (3,543 patent families) worldwide was conducted using the Derwent Innovation database. Descriptive statistics and social network analysis were used in the patent landscape. The number of COVID-19 applications, especially those related to treatment and prevention, continued to rise, accompanied by increases in governmental and academic patent assignees. Although China dominated COVID-19 technologies, this position is worth discussing, especially in terms of the outstanding role of India and the US in the assignee collaboration network as well as the outstanding invention portfolio in Italy. Intellectual property barriers and racist treatment were reduced, as reflected by individual partnerships, transparent commercial licensing and diversified portfolios. Critical technological issues are personalized immunity, traditional Chinese medicine, epidemic prediction, artificial intelligence tools, and nucleic acid detection. Notable challenges include balancing commercial competition and humanitarian interests. The results provide a significant reference for decision-making by researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and investors with an interest in COVID-19 control.

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“…Moreover, numerous clinical trials to assess the potential of existing licensed drugs with well-established safety profiles have been conducted or are underway on COVID-19 patients to accelerate the identification of appropriate medication for treatment or prevention of infection. In preclinical studies, various repurposed drugs have been demonstrated as potential inhibitors of one or more steps of the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle ( 6 – 8 , 10 – 12 ). However, evidence from primary studies is inadequate, and more recent reports from large-scale clinical trials are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-effectiveness of Ivermectin on Inpatients and Outpatients With COVID-19; Results of Two Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

Rezai

Ahangarkani²,

Hill³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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BackgroundIvermectin which was widely considered as a potential treatment for COVID-19, showed uncertain clinical benefit in many clinical trials. Performing large-scale clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of this drug in the midst of the pandemic, while difficult, has been urgently needed.MethodsWe performed two large multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of ivermectin in treating inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 infection. The intervention group received ivermectin, 0.4mg/kg of body weight per day for 3 days. In the control group, placebo tablets were used for 3 days.ResultsData for 609 inpatients and 549 outpatients were analyzed. In hospitalized patients, complete recovery was significantly higher in the ivermectin group (37%) compared to placebo group (28%; RR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.04–1.66]; p-value = 0.02). On the other hand, the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the ivermectin group with a mean of 7.98 ± 4.4 days compared to the placebo receiving group with a mean of 7.16 ± 3.2 days (RR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.15–1.45]; p-value = 0.02). In outpatients, the mean duration of fever was significantly shorter (2.02 ± 0.11 days) in the ivermectin group versus (2.41 ± 0.13 days) placebo group with p value = 0.020. On the day seventh of treatment, fever (p-value = 0.040), cough (p-value = 0.019), and weakness (p-value = 0.002) were significantly higher in the placebo group compared to the ivermectin group. Among all outpatients, 7% in ivermectin group and 5% in placebo group needed to be hospitalized (RR, 1.36 [95% CI, 0.65–2.84]; p-value = 0.41). Also, the result of RT-PCR on day five after treatment was negative for 26% of patients in the ivermectin group versus 32% in the placebo group (RR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.60–1.09]; p-value = 0.16).ConclusionOur data showed, ivermectin, compared with placebo, did not have a significant potential effect on clinical improvement, reduced admission in ICU, need for invasive ventilation, and death in hospitalized patients; likewise, no evidence was found to support the prescription of ivermectin on recovery, reduced hospitalization and increased negative RT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 5 days after treatment in outpatients. Our findings do not support the use of ivermectin to treat mild to severe forms of COVID-19.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.irct.ir IRCT20111224008507N5 and IRCT20111224008507N4.

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Potential of Bacillus subtilis Against SARS-CoV-2 – A Sustainable Drug Development Perspective

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

COVID-19 Pandemic and SMEs Performance Decline: The Mediating Role of Management Innovation and Organizational Resilience

COVID-19 Pandemic and SMEs Performance Decline: The Mediating Role of Management Innovation and Organizational Resilience

What, Where, When and How of COVID-19 Patents Landscape: A Bibliometrics Review

Non-effectiveness of Ivermectin on Inpatients and Outpatients With COVID-19; Results of Two Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

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