Potential of remote sensing techniques for tsunami hazard and vulnerability analysis – a case study from Phang-Nga province, Thailand

Römer, Hannes; Willroth, Philipp; Kaiser, G.; Vafeidis, Athanasios T.; Ludwig, Ralf; Sterr, Horst; Diez, Javier Revilla

doi:10.5194/nhess-12-2103-2012

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Besides direct impacts, local people were affected indirectly from income losses and unemployment. The village of Ban Nam Khem was completely devastated by the waves due to its low-lying location at the seashore, and nearly all households were affected directly and indirectly (Römer et al, 2012) The communities of Ban Nam Khem and Khao Lak represent a perfect study area for identifying adaptation strategies and their effectiveness not only because of their exposure, but also due to their special socio-economic setting and the fact that each of them has a specific business sector dominating the community.…”

Section: Study Area and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Companies were sampled according to their location and their business sector in order to provide a representative sample for the region's business structure. Further methodological details and results regarding the vulnerability situation and the recovery process can be found in Willroth et al (2011);Römer et al (2012). The qualitative part of this paper is based on 7 focus groups and 32 individual interviews conducted in the period from August to October 2009.…”

Section: Study Area and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-economic vulnerability of coastal communities in southern Thailand: the development of adaptation strategies

Willroth

Massmann

Wehrhahn

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The tsunami of December 2004 impacted large areas of Thailand's coastline and caused severe human and economic losses. The recovery period revealed differences in the vulnerabilities of communities affected. An understanding of the causal factors of vulnerability is crucial for minimising the negative effects of future threats and developing adaptive capacities. This paper analyses the vulnerabilities and the development of adaptation strategies in the booming tourist area of Khao Lak and in the predominantly fishing and agricultural area of Ban Nam Khem through a comprehensive vulnerability framework. The results show that social networks played a crucial role in coping with the disaster. Social cohesion is important for strengthening the community and developing successful adaptation strategies. The development of tourism and the turning away from traditional activities have a significant positive influence on the income situation, but create a dependency on a single business sector. It could be shown that households generating their income in the tourism sector were vulnerable unless they had diversified their income previously. Income diversification decreased the vulnerability in the study areas. Adaptation strategies and processes developed in the aftermath clearly address these issues.

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Section: Study Area and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Area and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic vulnerability of coastal communities in southern Thailand: the development of adaptation strategies

Willroth

Massmann

Wehrhahn

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…To derive LULC maps that show the changes that occurred due to the damaging effect of the tsunami, impacts and recovery processes were analysed for selected LULC classes by applying digital change detection techniques based on multitemporal IKONOS imagery (Roemer et al, 2010;Römer et al, 2012b). A damage map (Fig.…”

Section: G Kaiser Et Al: Mapping Tsunami Impacts On Land Cover and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.1) are shown in Table 3 (for details see Roemer et al, 2010;Römer et al, 2012b). Casuarina forests suffered the greatest damage with 38 % of trees destroyed in the inundated coastal zone.…”

Section: Pre- Post Tsunami and Recovery Ecosystem Services Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping tsunami impacts on land cover and related ecosystem service supply in Phang Nga, Thailand

Kaiser

Burkhard

Römer

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused damages to coastal ecosystems and thus affected the livelihoods of the coastal communities who depend on services provided by these ecosystems. The paper presents a case study on evaluating and mapping the spatial and temporal impacts of the tsunami on land use and land cover (LULC) and related ecosystem service supply in the Phang Nga province, Thailand. The method includes local stakeholder interviews, field investigations, remote-sensing techniques, and GIS. Results provide an ecosystem services matrix with capacity scores for 18 LULC classes and 17 ecosystem functions and services as well as pre-/post-tsunami and recovery maps indicating changes in the ecosystem service supply capacities in the study area. Local stakeholder interviews revealed that mangroves, casuarina forest, mixed beach forest, coral reefs, tidal inlets, as well as wetlands (peat swamp forest) have the highest capacity to supply ecosystem services, while e.g. plantations have a lower capacity. The remote-sensing based damage and recovery analysis showed a loss of the ecosystem service supply capacities in almost all LULC classes for most of the services due to the tsunami. A fast recovery of LULC and related ecosystem service supply capacities within one year could be observed for e.g. beaches, while mangroves or casuarina forest needed several years to recover. Applying multi-temporal mapping the spatial variations of recovery could be visualised. While some patches of coastal forest were fully recovered after 3 yr, other patches were still affected and thus had a reduced capacity to supply ecosystem services. The ecosystem services maps can be used to quantify ecological values and their spatial distribution in the framework of a tsunami risk assessment. Beyond that they are considered to be a useful tool for spatial analysis in coastal risk management in Phang Nga.

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“…Casuarina forests are generally negatively impacted by tsunamis in the Andaman Sea 14 , however, a surprising finding was that Casuarina forests remained undamaged after the 2004 tsunami devastated Hambantota City in southern coastal Sri Lanka 10 . Spatial details of coastal vegetation are often studied by, remote sensing, which can play an important role in assessing and monitoring at local scales 15,16 . Satellite images in a time series sequence can assess changes from the present to several decades earlier 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beach forest changes (2003–2013) in the tsunami-affected area of Phang Nga, Thailand from multi-temporal satellite data

Kongapai¹,

Sompongchaiyakul²,

Jitpraphai³

et al. 2016

ScienceAsia

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Beach forests are important ecological zones in many coastal regions. Many are under increasing anthropogenic and natural stress. Beach forest changes and their causes were examined in three tsunami-impacted sites with different land-use/cover (LULC): Ban Nam Khem (BNK, fishing village), Khao Lak (KL, tourist destination), and Thai Mueang (TM, part of a national park). Vegetation surveys, GIS, and interpretation of time series IKONOS and THEOS imagery using supervised classification (ENVI 4.7) from 2003-2013 were performed. Six beach forest tree and shrub species were found in BNK and KL, dominated by Casuarina equisetifolia, while 24 tree/shrub species, dominated by Syzygium grande, were observed at TM. After the tsunami, beach forests were severely damaged in BNK (45%), KL (40%), and TM (23%). Recovery of beach forests in 8 years varied from BNK (58%), KL (39%) with low rates in KL and high rates in TM (62%). Substantial portions of the three sites were still characterized as beach forest in 2013, though the forests now included areas that had recovered from the tsunami damage and/or altered LULC (e.g., barren land to beach forests and vice versa). Anthropogenic factors represented 40% (BNK), 56% (KL), and 5% (TM) of the changes with urbanization being a leading cause in tourist areas (KL; 24%). The study highlights the need for improved understanding of beach vegetation, tsunami impacts, and LULC to provide sustainable management of beach forests in Thailand in three sites with different anthropogenic characteristics.

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Potential of remote sensing techniques for tsunami hazard and vulnerability analysis – a case study from Phang-Nga province, Thailand

Cited by 49 publications

References 56 publications

Socio-economic vulnerability of coastal communities in southern Thailand: the development of adaptation strategies

Socio-economic vulnerability of coastal communities in southern Thailand: the development of adaptation strategies

Mapping tsunami impacts on land cover and related ecosystem service supply in Phang Nga, Thailand

Beach forest changes (2003–2013) in the tsunami-affected area of Phang Nga, Thailand from multi-temporal satellite data

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