Potential preventive role of lactic acid bacteria against Aflatoxin M₁immunotoxicity and genotoxicity in mice

Abstract

Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) is a mycotoxin produced by numerous Aspergillus species in pre-or postharvest cereals and milk. Exposure to AFM 1 imparts potent economic losses in the livestock industry. Toxicologically, it also causes severe immune system problems. The aims of this study were to evaluate a new AFM 1 -binding/degrading microorganism for biologic detoxification, to examine its ability to degrade AFM 1 in liquid medium, and to evaluate its potential for in vivo preventative effects against AFM 1 -induced immunotoxicity and genotoxicity in mice. Lactobacillus plantarum MON03 (LP) isolated from Tunisian artisanal butter was found to display significant binding ability to AFM 1 in PBS (93%) within 24 h of incubation. Further, the LP was able to tolerate gastric acidity, bile salts, and adhere efficiently to Caco-3 cells in vitro. The in vivo study used Balb/c mice that received either vehicle (control), LP only (at 1 Â 10 9 CFU/L, $1 mg/kg bw), AFM 1 (100 mg/kg bw), or AFM 1 + LP daily for 15 days (by gavage); two other groups received a single dose of colchicine (4 mg/kg) or mitomycin C (1 mg/kg) as positive controls for induction of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations, respectively. The results showed that, compared to in control mice, AFM 1 treatment led to significantly decreased body weight gains, and caused cytotoxic/genotoxic effects as indicated by increases in frequencies of polychromatic erythrocytes, as well as those with micronucleation (PCEMN) and chromosomal aberrations, among bone marrow cells. The concurrent administration of LP with AFM 1 strongly reduced the adverse effects of AFM 1 on each parameter. Mice receiving AFM 1 + LP co-treatment displayed no significant differences in the assayed parameters as compared to the control mice. By itself, the bacteria caused no adverse effects. Based on the data, it is concluded that the test bacteria could potentially be beneficial in the detoxification of AFM 1 -contaminated foods and feeds for humans and animals.

Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin M1: as a potent suppressor of innate and acquired immune systems in a subacute study

“…18,19 Exposure of mice to 100 g of AFM 1 kg −1 resulted in significantly lower gains in body mass (BM), greater numbers of total white blood cells (WBCs) in blood, and altered absolute and relative numbers of types of cells in thymus and spleen. 20 Exposure of Balb/c mice to AFM 1 negatively affected several parameters in the immune system, including total numbers of CD 3+ , CD 54+ , CD 4+ and CD 56+ cells and indices of lymphoid organs. 21 The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of AFM 1 on different aspects of immune systems (innate and adaptive immune responses) after repeated intraperitoneal (IP) administration for 28 days.…”

“…Another study indicated that exposure to a combination of AFM 1 and AFM 2 significantly reduced the release of nitric oxide by lipopolysaccaride (LPS)‐induced macrophages in a concentration‐dependent manner . Exposure of mice to 100 μg of AFM 1 kg −1 resulted in significantly lower gains in body mass (BM), greater numbers of total white blood cells (WBCs) in blood, and altered absolute and relative numbers of types of cells in thymus and spleen . Exposure of Balb/c mice to AFM 1 negatively affected several parameters in the immune system, including total numbers of CD 3+ , CD 54+ , CD 4+ and CD 56+ cells and indices of lymphoid organs .…”

Toxicopathological and Serum Biochemical Alterations Induced by Ochratoxin a in Broiler Chicks and Their Amelioration by Locally Available Bentonite Clay

“…Ochratoxin, particularly OTA is considered as a potent carcinogen and classified in Group 2B by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 1993) for humans. Ochratoxins are considered to be the main reason for causing a serious anomaly namely Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN) in humans exposed to its dietary exposure (Zahoor-ul-Hassan et al, 2012;Solcan et al, 2015;Iftikhar et al, 2015;Ben Salah-Abbes et al, 2015). Ochratoxin A (OTA) causes adverse effects in poultry and is considered to be the most toxic mycotoxin along with aflatoxins for poultry birds.…”

Bactérias Ácido Lácticas Na Descontaminação De Aflatoxinas Em Leite Bovino: Uma Revisão

“…A inibição do crescimento de micro-organismos produtores de AFLAs, bem como o efeito do uso de BAL tem sido avaliados em estudos in vivo (ABBÈS et al, 2016;CHEN et al, 2019;GOMAA;ABDELALL;EL-MAHDY, 2018;GUIMARÃES et al, 2018;JEBALI et al, 2018;NATEGHI et al, 2016;NDUTI et al, 2016;ONILUDE et al, 2005;SALAH-ABBÈS et al, 2015) Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 B 1 (3, 25 a 6,0 µg L -1 ) e M 1 (1,0 a 2,0 µg L -1 ) / Leite A maior redução de AFLAB 1 foi utilizando a BAL, βglucana e polidextrose atingindo 35,5%, e a redução de AFLAM 1 foi de 71,5%. A melhor condição experimental foi 6,5 µg L -1 de AFLAB 1 e 2,0 µg L -1 de AFLAM 1 com tempo de incubação de 0 h e adição de probióticos e inulina (0,75%).…”