Potential protective effects of red grape seed extract in a rat model of malathion-induced neurotoxicity

Abstract

Background and Aim: Exposure to pesticide mixtures used in agricultural practice poses a grave risk to non-target animals. This study aimed to determine whether red grape seed extract (RGSE, which is 95% bioflavonoids and equal to 12,000 mg of fresh red grape seed, and 150 mg of vitamin C) alleviated the changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by orally administered malathion in a rat model of malathion-induced neurotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups and exposed to malathion with or without 4 weeks of RGSE treatment, treated with RGSE alone, or left untreated as controls. The animals were euthanized 24 h after last treatment. Brain samples were collected to measure acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and caspase 3 activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and BDNF levels. Results: Malathion significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase and SOD activity and TAC and significantly increased caspase 3 activity. In comparison, acetylcholinesterase and SOC activity, BDNF level, and TAC were improved and caspase 3 activity was decreased in the malathion-RGSE group, indicating that RGSE corrected the alterations detected in these biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brains of rats exposed to oral malathion were substantially controlled by RGSE treatment.

The Efficacy of Grape Seed extract and lycopene as Antioxidants on Experimentally Induced Heart Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

“…It has previously been observed that supplementing with LCP or GSE reduced MDA levels in the heart tissue and, as a result, lipid peroxidation, indicating a lower risk of coronary heart disease [44][45]. Previous research has indicated that LCP is the most effective biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher and that it contributes to the initial line of defense that is upheld by SOD and CAT [46].…”