Potential Risks of Artificial Intelligence Integration into School Education: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is being rapidly incorporated into K-12 education because of its increasing social and pedagogical importance. The integration of AI in K-12 education is likely to have a profound influence on the lives and learning styles of learners, teaching approaches of teachers, and the whole mechanism of school management systems. As AI technologies are new to K-12 school curriculum, the research on AI for K-12 classrooms is under explored. In this study, the current state of AI integration in school education and risks associated with it were explored. The study using a systematic review method attempted to explore the findings, observations, and results of recent research regarding the possible risk factors of AI integration in K-12 education. At initial search using predefined key terms, 390 articles were recorded. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 71 articles covering 34 journals and other publications were selected for final analysis. Selected 71 articles reported that AI innovation incorporation into K-12 education is associated with certain risks and challenges. Through a systematic review technique, we categorized them into major 6 risk areas namely Privacy and Autonomy Risks, AI Biases, Accuracy and Functional Risks, Deepfakes and FATE Risks, Social Knowledge and Skill Building Risks, and Risk in Shifting Teacher's Role. The study also explored these risk areas to provide an overview of how these are connected with teaching and learning process of K-12 education.

Role of artificial intelligence in education: Perspectives of Peruvian basic education teachers

“…Los aspectos negativos reportados son coherentes con las desventajas asociadas a la IA encontradas en algunas investigaciones. (28,29,30) Si bien la IA ofrece oportunidades para mejorar el aprendizaje, personalizar la educación y apoyar a los docentes, también es crucial abordar las preocupaciones sobre la integridad académica, la fiabilidad de los algoritmos y la protección de la privacidad de los datos estudiantiles. (31) Esto invita a considerar cómo se puede aprovechar al máximo los beneficios de la IA mientras se mitigan sus posibles riesgos y desafíos, garantizando que su aplicación en la educación promueva un entorno de aprendizaje seguro, inclusivo y ético para todos los estudiantes.…”

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Creation of Future Education: Possibilities and Challenges

“…The scholars' attention is paid towards challenges of using AI in education as well. the recent findings showed that data privacy and security concerns are the most discussed in the scientific circles (Ilieva et al, 2023;Karan & Angadi, 2023). Additionally, the problem of formation of digital literacy and critical thinking to ensure that all the participants are aware of AI tools and use them accordingly has been widely studied (Černý, 2024;Rios-Campos et al, 2023).…”