Potential Role of Lolium multiflorum Lam. in the Management of Rice Weeds

Abstract

The phytotoxic relationships between crops and weeds can cover a role in weed management, reducing the use of chemical herbicides. Starting from the organic farmers’ experience, the study aimed to define the inhibitory action of Lolium multiflorum Lam., used as a cover crop before rice sowing, against Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch, one of the main rice weeds. In vitro 7-day assays were carried out in Petri dishes to compare the effect of different L. multiflorum Lam. parts, in the form of aqueous extract or powder, on the seed germination and seedling growth of Oryza sativa L. and E. oryzoides and to verify the hypothesis of a higher susceptibility of the weed. The total polyphenolic content, as the potential source of allelochemicals, in the L. multiflorum parts was measured. The results showed that both species suffer the phytotoxic action of L. multiflorum, but a more marked effect against E. oryzoides was recorded. In according with the polyphenol quantities, stem and inflorescence extracts showed the more significant species-specific inhibition. In all assays, the weed showed a stronger reduction in the root length and seedling vigor index, and, in some cases, also in the germination percentage and shoot length compared to rice.

Weed-Free Durations and Fertilization Regimes Boost Nutrient Uptake and Paddy Yield of Direct-Seeded Fine Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…Rasmussen et al [26] also reported a lower density of weeds (10%) and weed biomass (55%) when fertilizer was side-applied, as this resulted in a slow release of nutrients compared to broadcasted fertilizers, which were readily absorbed by weeds and lost to the environment through leaching and gaseous emissions. It was concluded broadcasted fertilizers were equally available to weeds and crop plants, however owing to botanical superiority, weeds were able to extract more nutrients than crop plants which caused a significant increase in their fresh and dry biomass [2,14,21,25,26]. Weeds were able to absorb and utilize environmental resources, such as solar radiation and CO 2 , more efficiently and, resultantly, tended to record more vigorous growth compared to crop plants [46].…”

“…Rice (Oryza sativa L.) constitutes the major staple crop after wheat, which feeds billions of people across the globe and is hence referred to as the global grain [1][2][3]. It is being grown in all habitable continents of the world, owing to its wide adaptability to a wide range of pedo-climatic conditions [4,5].…”

Impact of Achillea moschata Wulfen on germination and growth of weed species Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch and Lolium multiflorum Lam

“…Although the aqueous extract was less active than the powder, its inhibitory activity (at 10% and 20% concentrations) on root growth both of E. oryzoides and L. multiflorum were evident. Roots were less developed but with denser hairs than the controls, confirming themselves as the most sensitive vegetative structures to treatments [11]. Table 3.…”

Insecticidal activities of long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit extracts against seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus, and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) and their effects on seed germination

“…(2016) , who found the extracts of Callistemon viminalis , Tephrosia vogelii , and Cupressus lusitanica exerted the inhibition on seed germination, affected the stem length, and reduced the root length. Additionally, Oryza sativa suffered the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extracts from Lolium multiflorum , especially inflorescence and stem extracts that were able to reduce both the seed germination and the seedling growth, while the root extracts affected only the seedling growth ( Vitalini et al., 2020 ).…”