Potential roles for artificial intelligence in clinical microbiology from improved diagnostic accuracy to solving the staffing crisis

Abstract

Objectives This review summarizes the current and potential uses of artificial intelligence (AI) in the current state of clinical microbiology with a focus on replacement of labor-intensive tasks. Methods A search was conducted on PubMed using the key terms clinical microbiology and artificial intelligence. Studies were reviewed for relevance to clinical microbiology, current diagnostic techniques, and potential advantages of AI in routine microbiology workflows. Results Numerous studies highlight potential labor, as well as diagnostic accuracy, benefits to the implementation of AI for slide-based and macroscopic digital image analyses. These range from Gram stain interpretation to categorization and quantitation of culture growth. Conclusions Artificial intelligence applications in clinical microbiology significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, offering promising solutions to labor-intensive tasks and staffing shortages. More research efforts and US Food and Drug Administration clearance are still required to fully incorporate these AI applications into routine clinical laboratory practices.