Potential Roles for Bacteriophages in Reducing <i>Salmonella</i> from Poultry and Swine

Thanki, Anisha M.; Hooton, Steve; Gigante, Adriano M.; Atterbury, Robert J.; Clokie, Martha R.J.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.96984

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In addition, phages could be delivered to pigs via their addition to drinking water and for this it would need to be determined how stable phages are at ambient temperatures and in water. The pH stability is also important to consider as gastrointestinal pH changes could affect phage activity, which in pigs can range between pH 1.8 and pH 8 [23,24]. Finally, further data are needed on whether the phages kill bacteria equally efficiently when used individually or as phage cocktails.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine

et al. 2022

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Infections caused by multidrug resistant Salmonella strains are problematic in swine and are entering human food chains. Bacteriophages (phages) could be used to complement or replace antibiotics to reduce infection within swine. Here, we extensively characterised six broad host range lytic Salmonella phages, with the aim of developing a phage cocktail to prevent or treat infection. Intriguingly, the phages tested differed by one to five single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, there were clear phenotypic differences between them, especially in their heat and pH sensitivity. In vitro killing assays were conducted to determine the efficacy of phages alone and when combined, and three cocktails reduced bacterial numbers by ~2 × 103 CFU/mL within two hours. These cocktails were tested in larvae challenge studies, and prophylactic treatment with phage cocktail SPFM10-SPFM14 was the most efficient. Phage treatment improved larvae survival to 90% after 72 h versus 3% in the infected untreated group. In 65% of the phage-treated larvae, Salmonella counts were below the detection limit, whereas it was isolated from 100% of the infected, untreated larvae group. This study demonstrates that phages effectively reduce Salmonella colonisation in larvae, which supports their ability to similarly protect swine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine

et al. 2022

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“…Given their natural presence, they are considered safe for use in animal and human treatment. Indeed, early data have confirmed the safety of phage therapy ( Klopatek et al, 2021 ; Thanki et al, 2021 ), but further work will be required to provide a more complete portfolio of safety documentation for specific products utilized in specific ways.…”

Section: Dietary Approaches To Improve Abf Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: strategic adoption of antibiotic-free pork production: the importance of a holistic approach

Patience

Ramirez

2022

Translational Animal Science

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The discovery of the use of antibiotics to enhance growth in the 1950’s proved to be one of the most dramatic and influential in the history of animal agriculture. Antibiotics have served animal agriculture, as well as human and animal medicine, well for more than seven decades, but emerging from this tremendous success has been the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, human medicine and animal agriculture are being called upon, through legislation and/or marketplace demands, to reduce or eliminate antibiotics as growth promotants and even as therapeutics. As explained in this review, adoption of antibiotic-free pork production would represent a sea change. By identifying key areas requiring attention, the clear message of this review is that success with antibiotic free production, also referred to as “no antibiotics ever,” demands a multifaceted and multidisciplinary approach. Too frequently, the topic has been approached in a piecemeal fashion by considering only one aspect of production, such as the use of certain feed additives or the adjustment in health management. Based on the literature and on practical experience, a more holistic approach is essential. It will require the modification of diet formulations to not only provide essential nutrients and energy, but to also maximize the effectiveness of normal immunological and physiological capabilities that support good health. It must also include the selection of effective non-antibiotic feed additives along with functional ingredients that have been shown to improve the utility and architecture of the gastrointestinal tract, to improve the microbiome and to support the immune system. This holistic approach will require refining animal management strategies, including selection for more robust genetics, greater focus on care during the particularly sensitive perinatal and post-weaning periods, and practices that minimize social and environmental stressors. A clear strategy is needed to reduce pathogen load in the barn, such as greater emphasis on hygiene and biosecurity, adoption of a strategic vaccine program and the universal adoption of all-in-all-out housing. Of course, overall health management of the herd, as well as the details of animal flows, cannot be ignored. These management areas will support the basic biology of the pig in avoiding or, where necessary, overcoming pathogen challenges without the need for antibiotics, or at least with reduced usage.

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“…There is increasing interest in investigating therapeutic applications of phages in livestock ( 19 – 21 ). In these infection model studies, phage delivery methods such as via oral gavage, adding phages to drinking water and feed, have been tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phage delivery via water would be convenient but could limit product shelf life, and in addition large volumes of liquid phages are not easily transported ( 24 ). Concentrated, high titer phage stocks could be added to drinking water as either a concentrate or a powder, but again there is room for user error ( 20 ). Feed-based delivery is an alternative solution with many benefits, and one option to produce feed with phage is to mix dried phages with feed before pelleting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic Delivery of a Bacteriophage Cocktail in Feed Significantly Reduces Salmonella Colonization in Pigs

et al. 2022

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Potential Roles for Bacteriophages in Reducing Salmonella from Poultry and Swine

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine

Development of a Phage Cocktail to Target Salmonella Strains Associated with Swine

Invited review: strategic adoption of antibiotic-free pork production: the importance of a holistic approach

Prophylactic Delivery of a Bacteriophage Cocktail in Feed Significantly Reduces Salmonella Colonization in Pigs

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