Power generation with pressure retarded osmosis: An experimental and theoretical investigation

Achilli, Andrea; Cath, Tzahi Y.; Childress, Amy E.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2009.07.006

Cited by 677 publications

(474 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Figure 7 shows that the average CP moduli (βd and βf) in the exchanger decrease and approach unity as MTUπ increases for a range of MR in the case of combining seawater and river water. For the case of seawater and river water, the feed-side internal CP is a larger issue than the draw CP, a result in agreement with literature [2,4,25,27]. Figure 7 also shows that the largest deviation of β from unity is for high values of MR at low…”

Section: Performancesupporting

confidence: 88%

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Limits of power production due to finite membrane area in pressure retarded osmosis

Banchik

Sharqawy

Lienhard

2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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Dimensionless analytical expressions for the power attainable from an ideal counterflow pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) system model are developed using a one-dimensional model that accounts for streamwise variations in concentration. This ideal PRO system has no salt permeation or concentration polarization. The expressions show that the optimal hydraulic pressure difference, for which the maximum power is produced, deviates significantly from the classical solution of one-half of the trans-membrane osmotic pressure difference, Δπ/2, as the dimensionless membrane area (MTU π ) increases and the ratio of draw to feed mass flow rates (MR) varies. The overall maximum power attainable from a PRO membrane is found to occur in the limit of infinitely large MTU π (an effectiveness of unity) and infinite MR. For an ideal PRO system which mixes seawater (35 g/kg) and river water (1.5 g/kg), the overall maximum power of 1.57 kJ per kilogram of feed can be attained at roughly MTU π of 15, an MR of 10, and a pressure of 0.83Δ . Due to economic considerations, a PRO system in practice will have limited membrane area and will operate at an effectiveness of less than unity.The present work can be used to estimate the operating conditions and area required for a PRO system of given performance. The effect of concentration polarization on optimal hydraulic pressure difference and maximum power performance is also investigated using a numerical model.

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Section: Performancesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Studies of the power production possible with PRO systems have often been based on the zero-dimensional approximation model [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Under that model, the power produced by the system, comprised of an exchanger, a pump, and a turbine, is linearly proportional to the membrane area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits of power production due to finite membrane area in pressure retarded osmosis

Banchik

Sharqawy

Lienhard

2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…The permeability was determined in the flat sheet laboratory unit to be 0.75 LMH per bar which gives an 'A' parameter of 2.08 x 10 -12 m/s per Pa. This is close to the value of 1.87 x 10 -12 m/s per Pa determined elsewhere [14] and comparable with the value of 3.3 x 10 -12 m/s per Pa [13]. The value determined experimentally was used in all subsequent calculations.…”

Section: Determination Of Water Permeability and Salt Permeability Cosupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Following some early work on spacer characterisation in spacer-filled channels [17] the Sherwood number was taken to be proportional to the Schmidt number raised to the power 0.33 thus the mass transfer coefficient in the channel was taken to vary with 0.67 . If the correlation in [14] were to have been used, the variation would have been taken to be 0.60 .…”

Section: Determination Of Mass Transfer Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the influence of module construction upon forward osmosis performance

et al. 2018

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. (2018) 'Analysis of the in uence of module construction upon forward osmosis performance. ', Desalination., Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractThe potential of a commercial forward osmosis (FO) module to recover water from NEWater brine, an RO retentate, was assessed by taking an innovative approach to obtaining the mass transfer coefficients. The performance comparison of the spiral wound (S-W) FO module with that of the flat sheet laboratory unit suggests that the winding involved in S-W construction can adversely affect performance; the values for the S-W mass transfer coefficients were half of those expected. This firstof-its-kind performance comparison utilised coupons of the membrane and spacers taken from the module. The module was used both in the conventional manner for FO and in the reverse manner with the active layer facing the draw solution. Estimates of membrane parameters and mass transfer coefficients experiments for the two orientations were obtained using pure water, 10mM and 25mM NaCl solution on the feed side and 1M NaCl as draw solution. The fouling potential of NEWater brine per se was found to be low. These are the first results with a S-W module that suggest potential for this niche application; nevertheless the level of the water flux through the S-W module clearly indicates that industrial applications of S-W FO will be constrained to special cases.

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“…In a special FO process, which is named as pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), energy can be generated from the concentration gradient. 2,3 Hence, FO is considered not only a technology competitive with RO in water desalination, but also an energy-conversion device. 4 There are two key components in FO: the semi-permeable membrane and the draw solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using UCST Ionic Liquid as a Draw Solute in Forward Osmosis to Treat High-Salinity Water

Zhong

Feng

Chen

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

115

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Using UCST ionic liquid as a draw solute in forward osmosis to treat high-salinity water Just Accepted "Just Accepted" manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides "Just Accepted" as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. "Just Accepted" manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. "Just Accepted" manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). "Just Accepted" is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the "Just Accepted" Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the "Just Accepted" Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these "Just Accepted" manuscripts. KAUST Repository 1Using UCST ionic liquid as a draw solute in forward osmosis to treat high-salinity water IL-rich phase: the water-rich phase was the produced water that contained a low IL concentration, and the IL-rich phase could be used directly as the draw solution in the next cycle of the FO process. The thermal stability, thermal-responsive solubility and UV-vis absorption spectra of the IL were also studied in detail.

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Power generation with pressure retarded osmosis: An experimental and theoretical investigation

Cited by 677 publications

References 32 publications

Limits of power production due to finite membrane area in pressure retarded osmosis

Limits of power production due to finite membrane area in pressure retarded osmosis

Analysis of the influence of module construction upon forward osmosis performance

Using UCST Ionic Liquid as a Draw Solute in Forward Osmosis to Treat High-Salinity Water

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