Power Quality Improvement for Vehicle-to-Grid and Grid-to-Vehicle Technology in a Microgrid

Abstract

The demand for electric vehicles continues to grow, as evidenced by global sales of electric vehicles reaching 2.2 million in 2019 and more than doubling to 6.6 million in 2021. The rapid growth of renewable energies and electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the use of microgrids, which are a promising solution to the problem of integrating large-scale renewables and EVs into the electric power system. Besides, the essential policy support provided by the government is an increase in the availability of public charging infrastructure for EVs. This research employs a fast-charging configuration of an off-board charger with DC energy transfer. Implementation of DC energy transfer for vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle technology in a microgrid due to DC charging’s unrestricted charger-rated power and rapid power transfer. However, the integration of EVs in the Microgrid system creates some operational challenges, which in this research are power quality issues such as harmonics in power systems that affect both utilities and consumers. The design models using the PI controller and the fuzzy controller based on MATLAB software are simulated to determine the control system’s effectiveness. These simulations assess the control system’s performance, and both approaches help improve the system’s performance power quality by minimizing the system’s total harmonic distortion (THD). According to the results, the fuzzy logic controller exceeded the traditional PI controller as demonstrated by minimizing the THD and also in terms of improving the waveform quality which achieved high accuracy with good performance. This research also utilized the fuzzy logic controller to control the power transfer between EVs and the microgrid, which differs from other research work, to achieve high system efficiency for the benefit of consumers.

A Robust Controller Design based on Kharitonov’s Theorem for Frequency Control in an Interconnected Power System

“…To apply this method to the system under study, the mathematical model of the system should be obtained. The model of the power plant is described as 𝐺(𝑠), given by (8).…”

“…The bidirectional flow of energy provided by the vehicle to grid (V2G) technology enables the EVs to act as an energy source [6]. This promising technology strengthens the renewable energy sources adaption [7] and creates numerous benefits such as grid stability, peak load management, power quality [8] and cost-saving for market participants [9]. In V2G, the EVs work as energy routers that transfer the energy from charging stations powered by renewable energy sources (RES) and other sources to the power grid.…”

Backstepping Controller Design for Power Quality Improvement in a Two-Stage Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems with LCL Filter

“…During the coordination and operation of the grid-connected photovoltaic systems, undesirable efects on both the grid and end-user equipment can arise due to power quality disruptions due to the variations in meteorological conditions and the presence of nonlinear loads into the grid [17]. One of the main and worst power quality disturbances is the injection of harmonic distortions of the current by the solar photovoltaic systems and nonlinear loads into the grid [9,18,19], especially in low irradiance conditions [20,21]. Disturbances caused by these harmonic distortions of the current in the electrical grid are overheating of cables, breakdown of capacitors, increase in line losses, power factor degradation, vibration and acoustic noise from motors, malfunction of metering devices, and aging of lines [15,22].…”

Design and analysis of a photovoltaic‐powered charging station for plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles in college campus

“…Block parking area of the EGSPEC campus as shown in Figure 2. In our previous study, we developed a QDS solar PV using Copper Indium Selenide as the quantum dot absorber [32]. To realise bandgap optimisation, maximum light-harvesting performance, improved photoluminescence, and decreased surface defect rate, the CuInSe 2 is alloying with Zinc sulfide (ZnS) to develop the CISZS quantum dots.…”

“…Besides, the vehicle charging profile is changing with time to achieve the highest energy yield [23]. Consecutively, the total number of EVs that are charging at a fixed power can be adapted to make total charging power follow the distribution of solar insolation [32]. The sequential recharging methods perform better than concurrent vehicle charging.…”