Power System Capacity Expansion Under Higher Penetration of Renewables Considering Flexibility Constraints and Low Carbon Policies

Lv, Jiajun; Chen, Xinyu; Han, Xiaoqing; Nielsen, Chris P.; Wen, Jinyu

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2827003

Cited by 165 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In any event, we believe that the issues that have delayed offshore wind development in the United States are unlikely to be consequential in China. While extensive discussions for China have focused on resource availability, economics, and the utilization of onshore wind power (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)17), little attention has been devoted to the possibility of using offshore wind resources to decarbonize coastal energy systems. Lu et al (18) assessed the energy density for offshore wind power, but the economics of offshore wind power were not addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore wind: An opportunity for cost-competitive decarbonization of China’s energy economy

Sherman

Chen

2020

Sci. Adv.

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China has reduced growth in its emissions of greenhouse gases, partly attributable to major investments in onshore wind. By comparison, investments in offshore wind have been minor, limited until recently largely by perceptions of cost. Assimilated meteorological data are used here to assess future offshore wind potential for China. Analysis on a provincial basis indicates that the aggregate potential wind resource is 5.4 times larger than the current coastal demand for power. Recent experiences with markets in both Europe and the United States suggest that potential offshore resources in China could be exploited to cost-competitively provide 1148.3 TWh of energy in a high-cost scenario, 6383.4 TWh in a low-cost option, equivalent to between 36 and 200% of the total coastal energy demand after 2020. The analysis underscores notable benefits for offshore wind for China, with prospects for major reductions in greenhouse emissions with ancillary benefits for air quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore wind: An opportunity for cost-competitive decarbonization of China’s energy economy

Sherman

Chen

2020

Sci. Adv.

Self Cite

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“…Furthermore, the ramping constraint of each thermal power plant is formulated as Equation 12, where RU G i and RD G i define its upward/downward ramping capability. Minimum start-up and shut-down time limits are represented by Equations (13)- (15) [30]. Low-carbon policy Constraint (16) limits that the annual carbon emission produced by all thermal power plants should not exceed the carbon cap [37].…”

Section: Thermal Power Plant Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the operation constraints to model these requirements (such as ramping constraints and minimum up/down time limits) are usually neglected or simplified in the conventional GEP models. To address this challenge, several studies have been carried out to consider the chronological sequence of RES and then incorporate the detailed operation constraints in GEP models [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Their findings reveal that neglecting or simplifying the detailed operation constraints may have great impacts on the results of GEP models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, experimental results in [28,29] showed that the GEP model without these operation constraints may underestimate carbon emissions, RES curtailments, and even the values of load not served. Numerical results in [30] showed that flexible generation capacity and wind curtailment are both underestimated in GEP models without considering the detailed operation constraints. Reference [31] concludes that the power system flexibility is likely to be overestimated if no or simplified operation constraints are considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Period Generation Expansion Planning for Sustainable Power Systems to Maximize the Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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The increasing penetration of renewable energy brings great challenges to the planning and operation of power systems. To deal with the fluctuation of renewable energy, the main focus of current research is on incorporating the detailed operation constraints into generation expansion planning (GEP) models. In most studies, the traditional objective function of GEP is to minimize the total cost (including the investment and operation cost). However, in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy, more attention has been paid to increasing the utilization of renewable energy and reducing the renewable energy curtailment. Different from the traditional objective function, this paper proposes a new objective function to maximize the accommodation of renewable energy during the planning horizon, taking into account short-term operation constraints and uncertainties from load and renewable energy sources. A power grid of one province in China is modified as a case study to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model. Numerical results show that the proposed GEP model could install more renewable power plants and improve the accommodation of renewable energy compared to the traditional GEP model.

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“…A study on the optimum operational strategy for a power producer considering the sales and purchasing of renewable energy certificates (REC)/CER, penalty cost, and capacity investment cost under the simultaneous regulation of the RPS and ETS systems has not yet been conducted. Specifically, most quantitative studies considering RPS or ETS were conducted from a country perspective (cost minimize) [38]. However, this study proposes a mathematical model for maximizing power producer profits.…”

Section: Generation Expansion Planning (Gep) Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Operational Strategy for Power Producers in Korea Considering Renewable Portfolio Standards and Emissions Trading Schemes

2019

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Globally, many countries are experiencing economic growth while concurrently increasing their energy consumption. Several have begun to consider a low-carbon energy mix to mitigate the environmental impacts caused by increased fossil fuel consumption. In terms of maximizing profits, however, power producers are not sufficiently motivated to expand capacity due to high costs. Thus, the Korean government initiated the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), an obligation to generate a certain proportion of a producer's total generation using renewable energy for power producers with capacities of 500 MW or more, and the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), designed to attain a carbon emissions reduction goal. We propose a mathematical model to derive the optimal operational strategy for maximizing power producer profits with a capacity expansion plan that meets both regulations. As such, the main purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal operational strategy for each obligatory power producer. To that end, we defined a 2 × 2 matrix to classify their types and to conduct scenario-based analyses to assess the impact of major factor changes on solutions for each type of power producer. Finally, for the power generation industry to operate in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner, we extracted policy implications that the Korean government could consider for each type of power producer.Energies 2019, 12, 1667 2 of 24 implemented RPS, which obligates power producers with 500 MW or more of NRE generation capacity to produce a certain percentage of the previous year's NRE generation capacity from renewable energy (RE) sources. The government aims to have more than 10% of electric power generation come from RE sources by 2023.At the 21st Conference of Parties, Korea, whose GHG emissions were 7th among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2016, declared a national reduction target of 37% compared to business as usual (BAU) by 2030 [4]. In order to achieve this, in 2015, the government started ETS, which assigns companies Carbon Emissions Reductions (CER) based on annual and sectoral GHG reduction targets. Each company complies with this regulation by buying CER surplus, selling CER shortage, or paying penalties for excess emissions.Korea's major producers in the power generation industry, which accounts for more than one-third of national GHG emissions [7], must follow both regulations. RPS and ETS act as means to implement international commitments, from a national viewpoint, and to create a new paradigm that can affect operations, from an enterprise perspective. Therefore, obligatory power producers (hereafter, power producers) should be aware of the mechanisms of both regulations. They should also provide a stable power supply and establish an efficient future operational strategy.Korea's power industry is moving towards increasing the private-sector share from the nation-led sector. Thus, from a corporate management perspective, RPS and ETS will affect revenues and costs. Most previous...

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Power System Capacity Expansion Under Higher Penetration of Renewables Considering Flexibility Constraints and Low Carbon Policies

Cited by 165 publications

References 25 publications

Offshore wind: An opportunity for cost-competitive decarbonization of China’s energy economy

Offshore wind: An opportunity for cost-competitive decarbonization of China’s energy economy

Multi-Period Generation Expansion Planning for Sustainable Power Systems to Maximize the Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources

Optimal Operational Strategy for Power Producers in Korea Considering Renewable Portfolio Standards and Emissions Trading Schemes

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