“…Another reason is to improve the driving performance of motorcyclists, identify the causes behind motorcycle accidents [ 50 , 157 ], promote road safety [ 25 , 38 , 54 , 76 , 94 , 121 , 152 , 154 , 185 , 186 ], reduce motorcycle fatalities [ 108 , 159 ], avoid accidents [ 51 , 110 ], and improve road safety education amongst all motorcyclists [ 53 , 99 ]. Others looked into safety from different perspectives, such as improved traffic system safety [ 18 , 187 , 188 ] and motorcycle safety [ 76 , 78 , 92 , 97 , 119 , 123 , 127 , 162 , 165 , 173 , 179 , 180 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 ]. Moreover, effective hazard detection is critical for hazard elimination and accident consequence reduction [ 81 , 118 ], the identification of possible hazards in their early stages before causing accidents [ 155 ], and the reduction in the probability of severe injuries [ 84 , 98 , 139 , 151 ].…”