Pox infection in white rats

Маренникова, С. С.; Shelukhina, E. M.; Fimina, Valentina A.

doi:10.1258/002367778780953288

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In comparative studies we used cowpox virus (strain Brighton), ectromelia virus (strain Mill Hill) and two poxviruses previously isolated from animals: 1. strain O 12-Moscow-73 isolated from a white rat during a pox epizootic among these animals in 1973 (4,8,11); 2. strain Puma-Moscow-73 obtained from a puma during a pox outbreak among carnivora in the Moscow Zoo (7). The first was studied after 1 to 2 passages, the second after 4 6 passages in chick embryos.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and study of a poxvirus isolated from wild rodents in Turkmenia

Маренникова¹,

Ladnyj²,

Ogorodnikova³

et al. 1978

Archives of Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new poxvirus was isolated in 1974 from the kidney of a wild big gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) caught in Turkmenia, where these gerbils are wide-spread. The virus resembles cowpox virus and is markedly different from the virus of infectious ectromelia, the best-known poxvirus of rodents. The new virus is apparently identical to other poxvirus isolates made from white rats and Felidae in the Moscow Zoo. Experimental inoculation of the natural hosts--big gerbils and yellow susliks (Citellus fulvus)--produced a severe infection with a high mortality rate. Trnasmission of virus to uninoculated cage mates was shown to occur. Virus persisted in convalescent animals and was present in urine 3 weeks after inoculation and in kidney and testis for at least 5 weeks after inoculation. The role of rodents as natural hosts of poxviruses is discussed.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and study of a poxvirus isolated from wild rodents in Turkmenia

Маренникова¹,

Ladnyj²,

Ogorodnikova³

et al. 1978

Archives of Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fatal disease rarely occurs and is not completely characterized, although isolated cases of heart failure and encephalitis have been reported and usually occur in immunocompromised individuals or those with eczematous disease. 4,74,90 Some of the earliest reports of poxvirus infection in rodents (presumably, CPXV infection) described dermal and pulmonary disease in white rats. 72 Subsequently, wild-caught Norwegian rats were experimentally infected with this ratpox virus by various routes and developed nasal, pulmonary, intestinal, and cutaneous lesions.…”

Section: Cowpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Orthopoxvirus Infection

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Smallpox was one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity. Although smallpox was eradicated through a historically successful vaccination campaign, there is concern in the global community that either Variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, or another species of Orthopoxvirus could be used as agents of bioterrorism. Therefore, development of countermeasures to Orthopoxvirus infection is a crucial focus in biodefense research, and these efforts rely on the use of various animal models. Smallpox typically presented as a generalized pustular rash with 30 to 40% mortality, and although smallpox-like syndromes can be induced in cynomolgus macaques with VARV, research with this virus is highly restricted; therefore, animal models with other orthopoxviruses have been investigated. Monkeypox virus causes a generalized vesiculopustular rash in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques and induces fatal systemic disease in several rodent species. Ectromelia virus has been extensively studied in mice as a model of orthopoxviral infection in its natural host. Intranasal inoculation of mice with some strains of vaccinia virus produces fatal bronchopneumonia, as does aerosol or intranasal inoculation of mice with cowpox virus. Rabbitpox virus causes pneumonia and fatal systemic infections in rabbits and can be naturally transmitted between rabbits by an aerosol route similar to that of VARV in humans. No single animal model recapitulates all known aspects of human Orthopoxvirus infections, and each model has its advantages and disadvantages. This article provides a brief review of the Orthopoxvirus diseases of humans and the key pathologic features of animal models of Orthopoxvirus infections.

show abstract

“…Based on large intracellular eosinophilic A-type inclusion bodies and the appearance of hemorrhagic pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated hen's eggs, it was characterized as CPXV. The origin of this virus appears to have been epizootics of poxvirus infections in colonies of white rats which were used as food for the carnivores [6]. In those epizootics a case-fatality rate exceeding 30% could be observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cowpox Virus Outbreak in Banded Mongooses (Mungos mungo) and Jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) with a Time-Delayed Infection to Humans

Kurth

Straube²,

Kuczka³

et al. 2009

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundOften described as an extremely rare zoonosis, cowpox virus (CPXV) infections are on the increase in Germany. CPXV is rodent-borne with a broad host range and contains the largest and most complete genome of all poxviruses, including parts with high homology to variola virus (smallpox). So far, most CPXV cases have occurred individually in unvaccinated animals and humans and were caused by genetically distinguishable virus strains.Methodology/Principal FindingsGeneralized CPXV infections in banded mongooses (Mungos mungo) and jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) at a Zoological Garden were observed with a prevalence of the affected animal group of 100% and a mortality of 30%. A subsequent serological investigation of other exotic animal species provided evidence of subclinical cases before the onset of the outbreak. Moreover, a time-delayed human cowpox virus infection caused by the identical virus strain occurred in a different geographical area indicating that handling/feeding food rats might be the common source of infection.Conclusions/SignificanceReports on the increased zoonotic transmission of orthopoxviruses have renewed interest in understanding interactions between these viruses and their hosts. The list of animals known to be susceptible to CPXV is still growing. Thus, the likely existence of unknown CPXV hosts and their distribution may present a risk for other exotic animals but also for the general public, as was shown in this outbreak. Animal breeders and suppliers of food rats represent potential multipliers and distributors of CPXV, in the context of increasingly pan-European trading. Taking the cessation of vaccination against smallpox into account, this situation contributes to the increased incidence of CPXV infections in man, particularly in younger age groups, with more complicated courses of clinical infections.

show abstract

Pox infection in white rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Identification and study of a poxvirus isolated from wild rodents in Turkmenia

Identification and study of a poxvirus isolated from wild rodents in Turkmenia

Animal Models of Orthopoxvirus Infection

Cowpox Virus Outbreak in Banded Mongooses (Mungos mungo) and Jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) with a Time-Delayed Infection to Humans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About