PPP rapid ambiguity resolution using Android GNSS raw measurements with a low-cost helical antenna

Li, Xingxing; Wang, Hao; Li, Xin; Li, Linyang; Lv, Hongbo; Shen, Zhiheng; Xia, Chunxi; Gou, Hailong

doi:10.1007/s00190-022-01661-6

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…the inertial navigation system [97]. Recently, researchers even realized single-frequency PPP-RTK with smartphones [98].…”

Section: Single- Dual- and Multi-frequency Ppp-rtkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances and perspectives in GNSS PPP-RTK

Hou¹,

Zha²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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PPP-RTK, otherwise known as integer ambiguity resolution-enabled precise pointing positioning, has attracted much attention in recent years and has become state-of-the-art in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) high-precision positioning community. This work reviews several PPP-RTK methods, outlines a set of PPP-RTK applications, and presents possible future developments. According to the parameterization considered, we clarify the PPP-RTK models into a distinct-clock category and two common-clock categories (common-clock-1 and common-clock-2), in which several ionosphere-free PPP-RTK models can be cast. Compared with the ionosphere-free PPP-RTK model, we emphasize the advantages of the undifferenced and uncombined (UDUC) formulation and recommend the common-clock-1 UDUC PPP-RTK model since it is optimal, flexible, and widely applicable. Based on what kinds of parameters can be estimated by PPP-RTK models, we outline the PPP-RTK applications in several aspects, including position-based applications, time transfer, atmospheric retrieval, and GNSS bias estimation. Despite the huge advances in GNSS PPP-RTK, future research should improve PPP-RTK performances in harsh environments and apply PPP-RTK to mass markets.

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“…the inertial navigation system [97]. Recently, researchers even realized single-frequency PPP-RTK with smartphones [98].…”

Section: Single- Dual- and Multi-frequency Ppp-rtkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances and perspectives in GNSS PPP-RTK

Hou¹,

Zha²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…PPP-RTK will make centimeteraccuracy and no-initialization positioning possible in low-cost smart devices, facilitating their pluralistic applications in the GNSS service market (Verhagen et al, 2010), such as a person or vehicle Location Based Service (LBS) and crowdsourced mapping. Since the positioning performance highly relies on the data quality, Li et al (2022f ) suggested to use an external antenna to further augment the positioning solutions. Figure 12 gives the equipment sets of GNSS smart device with low-cost helical antenna and presents the PPP-RTK positioning time series.…”

Section: Ppp-rtk On Smart Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig.12Equipment sets of smart devices with the low-cost helical antenna (left panel) and PPP-RTK positioning series from 14:30 to 18:30 (right panel)(Li et al, 2022f ) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of PPP–RTK: achievements, challenges, and opportunities

Huang

et al. 2022

Satell Navig

Self Cite

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The PPP–RTK method, which combines the concepts of Precise of Point Positioning (PPP) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), is proposed to provide a centimeter-accuracy positioning service for an unlimited number of users. Recently, the PPP–RTK technique is becoming a promising tool for emerging applications such as autonomous vehicles and unmanned logistics as it has several advantages including high precision, full flexibility, and good privacy. This paper gives a detailed review of PPP–RTK focusing on its implementation methods, recent achievements as well as challenges and opportunities. Firstly, the fundamental approach to implement PPP–RTK is described and an overview of the research on key techniques, such as Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) estimation, precise atmospheric correction retrieval and modeling, and fast PPP ambiguity resolution, is given. Then, the recent efforts and progress are addressed, such as improving the performance of PPP–RTK by combining multi-GNSS and multi-frequency observations, single-frequency PPP–RTK for low-cost devices, and PPP–RTK for vehicle navigation. Also, the system construction and applications based on the PPP–RTK method are summarized. Moreover, the main issues that impact PPP–RTK performance are highlighted, including signal occlusion in complex urban areas and atmosphere modeling in extreme weather events. The new opportunities brought by the rapid development of low-cost markets, multiple sensors, and new-generation Low Earth Orbit (LEO) navigation constellation are also discussed. Finally, the paper concludes with some comments and the prospects for future research.

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“…The positioning accuracy of vehicle-roof mode was in the order of 1.0 m for the horizontal component and 1.5 m for the vertical component, while the positioning accuracy of the dashboard test were about 1.0–1.5 m in the horizontal direction and 1–2 m in the vertical direction. Li et al [ 25 ] proposed an uncombined PPP-RTK model to achieve rapid integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) with the regional atmospheric augmentation with an external low-cost helical antenna. The results indicated that PPP rapid ambiguity resolution could be achieved using the smart devices’ GNSS raw observations with a low-cost helical antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GNSS Observation Generation from Smartphone Android Location API: Performance of Existing Apps, Issues and Improvement

Zangeneh-Nejad

Yang

Gao

2023

Sensors

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Precise position information available from smartphones can play an important role in developing new location-based service (LBS) applications. Starting from 2016, and after the release of Nougat version (Version 7) by Google, developers have had access to the GNSS raw measurements through the new application programming interface (API), namely android.location (API level 24). However, the new API does not provide the typical GNSS observations directly (e.g., pseudorange, carrier-phase and Doppler observations) which have to be generated by the users themselves. Although several Apps have been developed for the GNSS observations generation, various data analyses indicate quality concerns, from biases to observation inconsistency in the generated GNSS observations output from those Apps. The quality concerns would subsequently affect GNSS data processing such as cycle slip detection, code smoothing and ultimately positioning performance. In this study, we first investigate algorithms for GNSS observations generation from the android.location API output. We then evaluate the performances of two widely used Apps (Geo++RINEX logger and GnssLogger Apps), as well as our newly developed one (namely UofC CSV2RINEX tool) which converts the CSV file to a Receiver INdependent Exchange (RINEX) file. Positioning performance analysis is also provided which indicates improved positioning accuracy using our newly developed tool. Future work finding out the potential reasons for the identified misbehavior in the generated GNSS observations is recommended; it will require a joint effort with the App developers.

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PPP rapid ambiguity resolution using Android GNSS raw measurements with a low-cost helical antenna

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Recent advances and perspectives in GNSS PPP-RTK

Recent advances and perspectives in GNSS PPP-RTK

Review of PPP–RTK: achievements, challenges, and opportunities

GNSS Observation Generation from Smartphone Android Location API: Performance of Existing Apps, Issues and Improvement

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