† The GenBank accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Bacillus altitudinis B-388 is JX129389, for the rpoB gene sequence of Bacillus altitudinis B-388 is JX129391, for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Bacillus pumilus 7P is JX129390 and for the rpoB gene sequence of Bacillus pumilus 7P is JX129392 correspondingly.None of the authors of this manuscript has any financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence their work.
IntroductionBarnase, an extracellular alkaline guanyl-preferring ribonuclease first isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Hartley and Rogerson, 1972), was shown to possess a wide range of biological activities and is of special interest for research and practical applications in biotechnology and medicine (Kempe et al., 2014;Spång et al., 2012;Sreenivasan et al., 2013;Ulyanova et al., 2011). Ribonucleases similar to barnase (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot accession number P00648) were purified from B. intermedius 7P (P00649), B. circulans BCF-256 (P35078), B. pumilus KMM-62 (P48068), B. coagulans BCF-247 (P37203), and B. thuringiensis var. subtoxicus B-388 (Q9R5D7, GenBank acc No. AAB28984.1). B. intermedius RNase referred to as binase is as well studied as barnase. Its antitumor and antiviral properties are documented (Mironova et al., 2013;Mitkevich et al., 2014;Shah Mahmud and Ilinskaya, 2013;Ulyanova et al., 2011) while the strain itself is an undescribed taxon which is The potential of microbial ribonucleases as promising antitumor and antiviral agents, determines today's directions of their study. One direction is connected with biodiversity of RNases. We have analyzed completed and drafted Bacillus genomes deposited in GenBank for the presence of coding regions similar to the gene of an extracellular guanyl-preferring RNase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (barnase). Orthologues of the barnase gene were detected in 9 species out of 83. All of these belong to "B. subtilis" group within the genus. B. subtilis itself, as well as some other species within this group, lack such types of RNases. RNases similar to barnase were also found in species of "B. cereus" group as a part of plasmid-encoded S-layer toxins. It was also found that taxonomic states of culture collection strains, which were initially described based on a limited set of phenotypic characteristics, can be misleading and need to be confirmed. Using several approaches such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), sequencing of genes for 16S ribosomal RNA and RNA polymerase subunit beta followed by reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, we have re-identified two RNase-secreting Bacillus strains: B. thuringiensis B-388 which should be assigned as B. altitudinis B388 and B. intermedius 7P which should be renamed as B. pumilus 7P. Therefore, small secreted guanyl-preferring RNases are the feature of "B. subtilis" group only, which is characterized by distinctive lifestyle and adaptation strategies to environment.