Practical Acid-Base in Veterinary Patients

Monnig, Andrea A.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.07.009

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The decrease in blood pH triggers compensatory mechanisms such as the formation of HCO 3 − when CO 2 and H 2 O are metabolized by carbonic anhydrase [41,42]. It is known that caffeine stimulates the respiratory centers, improving gas exchange, increasing the tidal volume and HCO 3 − excretion at the renal level, helping to correct the acid-base imbalances in the newborn [32,43,44]. Thus, as observed in piglets from G 4 , caffeine could have a protective effect against ischemia caused by hypoxia and acidemia [22,45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Administration in Piglets with Low Birthweight and Low Vitality Scores, and Its Effect on Physiological Blood Profile, Acid–Base Balance, Gas Exchange, and Infrared Thermal Response

Villanueva-García,

Ghezzi,

Mora-Medina

et al. 2023

Animals

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Intrapartum asphyxia, fetal hypoxia, and their consequences (e.g., acidosis, hypercapnia, hypoglycemia, and hypothermia) are the main factors related to physio-metabolic imbalances that increase neonatal mortality in piglets, particularly in piglets with low birthweight and low vitality scores. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different doses of caffeine (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) administered orally to 480 newborn piglets with low birthweight and low vitality scores. Blood gas parameters (pH, pO2, pCO2, and HCO3−), physio-metabolic profile (Ca++, glucose, and lactate), and the thermal response assessed through infrared thermography in four thermal windows (ocular, auricular, snout, and hindlimb) and rectal temperature were evaluated during the first 24 h of life. Doses of 30 mg/kg resulted in significant differences at 24 h for all evaluated parameters, suggesting that caffeine administration improved the cardiorespiratory function and metabolic activity of piglets by reducing acidosis, restoring glycemia, and increasing surface and rectal temperature. In conclusion, caffeine at 30 mg/kg could be suggested as an appropriate dose to use in piglets with low birthweight and low vitality scores. Future research might need to study the presentation of adverse effects due to higher caffeine concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Administration in Piglets with Low Birthweight and Low Vitality Scores, and Its Effect on Physiological Blood Profile, Acid–Base Balance, Gas Exchange, and Infrared Thermal Response

Villanueva-García,

Ghezzi,

Mora-Medina

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Sodium ions are reabsorbed with Clin normochloremic state. But in hypochloremic states, Na + is reabsorbed with bicarbonate, maintaining metabolic alkalosis (Monnig 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anion gap (AG) is the difference of unmeasured cations (UC) and anions (UA), but the discussion about AG is normally restricted to UA (Constable 2014). This variable is employed to distinguish between hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (normal AG) and normochloremic metabolic acidosis (increased AG), where protein, ketones bodies and lactate contribute to increase AG (Monnig 2013). Metabolic alkalosis is associated with slight increases in AG due to lactic acid production (Huckabee 1958), but the reviewed literature has meager information about cows with LAD, and variations in AG in cows with displaced abomasum are associated with increased AG (Delgado-Lecaroz et al 2000) and a marked increase is associated with death (Garry et al 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step laparoscopic abomasopexy versus abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa to treat left abomasal displacement in dairy cows

Perotta

Dÿck

Ollhoff³

et al. 2018

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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This study aimed to compare the clinical and metabolic results obtained by use of one-step laparoscopic abomasopexy and right paralumbar fossa abomasopexy for the treatment of left displaced abomasum in dairy cows. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly placed in two groups: G1, with 15 animals treated by one-step laparoscopic abomasopexy; and G2, with 15 animals treated by right paralumbar fossa ventral abomasopexy. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, base excess (BE), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) strong ion difference (SID), anion gap (AG), glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured before (M0) and 24 (M1), 48 (M2) and 72 (M3) hours following surgery. Laparotomy was statistically faster than laparoscopy. Hypochloremia was observed only in G2 at M0. Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia were observed in both groups at M0, increasing after surgery. Metabolic alkalosis in both groups before surgery was characterized by high bicarbonate, pCO2, and BE, which decreased in subsequent time points, as well as blood pH. Glucose was statistically increased and NEFA and BHBA were statistically decreased in G2 compared to G1. In G1, NEFA and BHBA decreased significantly following surgery. Both surgical techniques restored abomasal flow and feed intake in both groups. Based in acid-base status, one-step laparoscopy showed no additional advantage in comparison with abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa.

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“…Due to the vasodilation of blood capillaries, gas exchange becomes difficult in peripheral tissues by decreasing CO 2 elimination despite the increase in RR [66]. This is possibly due to the affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin, which can cause difficulty in the release of this molecule, decreasing blood pH and activating buffer systems to restore homeostasis after HS [67,68].…”

Section: Physiological Responses To Mitigate Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Infrared Thermography in Assessing Thermal Responses of Farm Animals under Heat Stress

Ghezzi,

Napolitano,

Casas-Alvarado

et al. 2024

Animals

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Heat stress is a condition that can affect the health, performance, and welfare of farm animals. The perception of thermal stress leads to the activation of the autonomic nervous system to start a series of physiological and behavioral mechanisms to restore thermostability. One of these mechanisms is vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels to increase heat loss through the skin. Due to this aspect, infrared thermography has been suggested as a method to assess the thermal state of animals and predict rectal temperature values noninvasively. However, it is important to consider that predicting rectal temperature is challenging, and its association with IRT is not always a direct linear relationship. The present review aims to analyze the neurobiological response associated with heat stress and how thermal imaging in different thermal windows can be used to recognize heat stress in farmed ungulates.

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Practical Acid-Base in Veterinary Patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Caffeine Administration in Piglets with Low Birthweight and Low Vitality Scores, and Its Effect on Physiological Blood Profile, Acid–Base Balance, Gas Exchange, and Infrared Thermal Response

Caffeine Administration in Piglets with Low Birthweight and Low Vitality Scores, and Its Effect on Physiological Blood Profile, Acid–Base Balance, Gas Exchange, and Infrared Thermal Response

One-step laparoscopic abomasopexy versus abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa to treat left abomasal displacement in dairy cows

Utilization of Infrared Thermography in Assessing Thermal Responses of Farm Animals under Heat Stress

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