Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. American Psychiatric Association

Herz, Marvin I.; Liberman, Robert Paul; McGlashan, Thomas H.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Wyatt, R J; Marder, Stephen R.; Wang, P.; Allgulander, Christer; Baldessarini, R. J.; Balon, Richard; Bellack, A.S.; Berlin, Cheston M.; Blackington, C. H.; Buckley, P.; Carlson, Doris; Cott, Jerry M.; Cournos, Francine; Desai, Pratikkumar; Dickstein, Leah J.; Fenton, Wayne S.; Fisher, William A.; Flaherty, Lois T.; Freedman, Robert; Galanter, M.; Galton, Elizabeth; Ganguli, Rohan; Garrettson, Lorne K.; Goldfinger, Stephen M.; Goldman, Larry S.; Goldstein, Marion Zucker; Gordy, T. R.; Gray, Stuart; Green, M. R.; Greenberg, William M.; Gunderson, John G.; Hall, Laura Lee; Haller, Ellen; Hanin, E.; Hawkins, Linda L.; Hester, Thomas; Horn, Tim; Hsiao, John K.; Juthani, Nalini V.; Kane, John M.; Käyser, A.F.; Kibel, Howard D.; Kimmich, Robert A.; Koegler, Ronald R.; Krajeski, James P.; Kuehnel, Timothy G.; Lamberti, J. Steven; Lehman, Anthony F.; Leunello, J.; Martin, Ronald L.; McCarley, Robert W.; McGee, Mark; Hy, Meltzer; Mesulam, Marsel; Metzner, Jeffrey L.; Mosher, Loren R.; Motto, J. A.; Mueser, Kim T.; Muñoz, Rodrigo A.; Nasrallah, H.A.; Newcomer, John W.; Opler, Lewis A.; Peterson, GM; Rapaport, Mark Hyman; Riba, Michelle; Rickert, Vaughn I.; Rifkin, Arthur; Rivenbark, J. S.; Robertson, Sharman; Ruiz, Pedro; Ryan, William G.; Sanderson, Maureen; Schiffer, Randolph B.; Schyve, P. M.; Sebring, Robert H.; Shen, Winston W.; Shore, Douglas L.; Simpson, George M.; Soufi, H. E.; Stein, Louis; Stotland, Nada L.; Strauss, Jaine; Sundberg, David K.; Svendsen, Dale; Tohen, Mauricio; Tsuang, M.T.; Wagnitz, John G.; Weiner, Rory B.; Weitzel, William D.; Wilkerson, L. J.; Wingerson, Dane; Zarate, Carlos A.; Zito, Julie Magno; Zonana, Howard

doi:10.1176/ajp.154.4.1

Cited by 601 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I CV) was also adopted to exclude comorbid Axis I diagnoses and lifetime or current substance or alcohol abuse. To provide a valid consent for the participants for this study, patients were included only after the resolution of the acute phase of illness was reached, defined as the achievement of a clinical stabilization phase with initial symptom response and reduced psychotic symptoms severity [31]. The latter was described as a reduction in psychoticism dimension (hallucinations and delusions) to a low to mild symptom intensity level [32].…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia

et al. 2021

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While correlations between postural stability deficits and schizophrenia are well documented, information on dynamic motor alterations in schizophrenia are still scarce, and no data on their onset are available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was i) to measure gait pattern(s) in patients with schizophrenia; ii) to identify posture and gait alterations which could potentially be used as a predictive clinical tool of the onset of the disorder. Body composition, posture and gait parameters were assessed in a group of 30 patients with schizophrenia and compared to 25 healthy subjects. Sway area was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group compared to controls regardless of whether the participants were in eyes open or eyes closed condition. Gait cadence and speed were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia, while stride length was similar. We concluded that the combination of an increased sway area (independent from eye closure) and a gait cadence reduction—in the presence of normal gait speed and stride length—might be considered peculiar postural and gait profile characteristic of early schizophrenia.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia

et al. 2021

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“…It has to be mentioned that all participants with schizophrenia were on medication. Antipsychotics result in a general sedation of cognitive processes (Herz et al., 1997 ), probably leading to difficulties in generating mental images within 6000 ms in the BRT. Ethically, however, medication cannot be withheld from participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring imagery strength in schizophrenia: no evidence of enhanced mental imagery priming

Wagner¹,

Monzel

2023

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionRecent research shows ambivalent results regarding the relationship between mental imagery and schizophrenia. The role of voluntary visual imagery in schizophrenic hallucinations remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between visual imagery, schizophrenia, and the occurrence of schizophrenic hallucinations using an objective visual imagery task.MethodsThe sample consisted of 16 participants with schizophrenia (59.1% female; MAge = 45.55) and 44 participants without schizophrenia (62.5% female; MAge = 43.94). Visual imagery was measured using the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) as well as the well‐validated Binocular Rivalry Task (BRT). Occurrences of hallucinations were assessed using the Launay–Slade Hallucination Scale.ResultsParticipants with schizophrenia showed more hallucinatory experiences but did not score higher on either the VVIQ or the BRT than participants without schizophrenia. A correlation between the VVIQ and the BRT was found, validating the measurement of visual imagery and enabling the interpretation that visual imagery vividness is not enhanced in people with schizophrenia.ConclusionThe association between mental imagery vividness and schizophrenia found in previous studies may be based on other facets of mental imagery than visual imagery.

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“…This study builds on feasibility and acceptability studies by using a randomized design to more rigorously test the preliminary effectiveness of MEMS. Results demonstrated that MEMS led to greater a Based on prior studies (Herz et al, 1997;Woods, 2003;Woods, 2011). b Data missing for two participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile enhancement of motivation in schizophrenia: A pilot randomized controlled trial of a personalized text message intervention for motivation deficits.

Luther

Fischer

Johnson-Kwochka

et al. 2020

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective: Motivation deficits remain an unmet treatment need in schizophrenia. Recent research has identified mechanisms underlying motivation deficits (i.e., impaired effort-cost computations, reduced future reward-value representation maintenance) that may be effective treatment targets to improve motivation. This study tested the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of Mobile Enhancement of Motivation in Schizophrenia (MEMS), an intervention that leverages mobile technology to target these mechanisms with text messages. Method: Fifty-six participants with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder were randomized to MEMS (n ϭ 27) or a control condition (n ϭ 29). All participants set recovery goals to complete over 8 weeks. Participants in the MEMS group additionally received personalized, interactive text messages on their personal cellphones each weekday. Results: Retention and engagement in MEMS were high: 92.6% completed 8 weeks of MEMS, with an 86.1% text message response rate, and 100% reported being satisfied with the text messages. Compared to participants in the control condition, the participants in the MEMS condition had significantly greater improvements in interviewer-rated motivation and anticipatory pleasure and attained significantly more recovery-oriented goals at 8 weeks. There were no significant group differences in purported mechanisms (performance-based effort-cost computations and future reward-value representations) or in self-reported motivation, quality of life, or functioning. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that MEMS is feasible as a brief, low-intensity mobile intervention that could effectively improve some aspects of motivation (i.e., initiation and maintenance of goaldirected behaviors) and recovery goal attainment for those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. More work is needed with larger samples and to understand the mechanisms of change in MEMS.

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Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. American Psychiatric Association

Cited by 601 publications

References 4 publications

Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia

Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia

Measuring imagery strength in schizophrenia: no evidence of enhanced mental imagery priming

Mobile enhancement of motivation in schizophrenia: A pilot randomized controlled trial of a personalized text message intervention for motivation deficits.

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