Praziquantel

Cioli, Donato; Pica‐Mattoccia, Livia

doi:10.1007/s00436-002-0751-z

Cited by 356 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…More than 200 million people suffer from this chronic and debilitating disease, with 90% of all worldwide cases arising in poverty-stricken areas of sub-Saharan Africa3. Praziquantel is the current drug of choice to treat schistosomiasis, but the need for repetitive treatment in endemic communities, concerns over the emergence of drug resistance and an unknown mechanism of action4 have all catalysed an urgent search for new chemotherapeutic agents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytosine methylation regulates oviposition in the pathogenic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

et al. 2011

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Similar to other metazoan pathogens, Schistosoma mansoni undergoes transcriptional and developmental regulation during its complex lifecycle and host interactions. DNA methylation as a mechanism to control these processes has, to date, been discounted in this parasite. Here we show the first evidence for cytosine methylation in the S. mansoni genome. Transcriptional coregulation of novel DNA methyltransferase (SmDnmt2) and methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins mirrors the detection of cytosine methylation abundance and implicates the presence of a functional DNA methylation machinery. Genome losses in cytosine methylation upon SmDnmt2 silencing and the identification of a hypermethylated, repetitive intron within a predicted forkhead gene confirm this assertion. Importantly, disruption of egg production and egg maturation by 5-azacytidine establishes an essential role for 5-methylcytosine in this parasite. These findings provide the first functional confirmation for this epigenetic modification in any worm species and link the cytosine methylation machinery to platyhelminth oviposition processes.

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confidence: 99%

Cytosine methylation regulates oviposition in the pathogenic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

et al. 2011

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“…Medically inappropriate, ineffective, and economically inefficient use of pharmaceuticals is commonly observed in the health care system throughout the world (Editorial 2012). Researches have shown that irrational treatment could lead to praziquantel-resistant isolates of schistosomiasis (Wang et al 2012; Cioli and Pica-Mattoccia 2003). Hence, it is crucial to improve physicians’ compliance with treatment regimen recommendations of guidelines, especially in symptomatic therapy (Rumsfel 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline adherence for the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis japonica in Hubei, China

2014

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This study compared physicians’ practices on three treatment procedures and hospitalization days with guideline recommendations to assess guideline adherence in the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis japonica. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate patients’ characteristics and rate of guideline adherence. And chi-square tests were used to assess influences of severity of the disease on guideline adherence. The study found no one (0/173) adhered to adequate diagnosis, treatment regimens, and discharge criteria of guidelines completely. And 2.23 % of patients in group 1 and 4.23 % in group 2 were totally conforming to adequate diagnosis. 91.91 % of patients were conforming to adequate treatment regimens among which group 1 and group 2 were 90.32 and 92.25 %, respectively. And one (2.23 %) patient in group 1 and zero (0 %) in group 2 were conforming to discharge criteria of guidelines, and most of the patients left hospital without symptom checks (151/173), liver function and biochemical tests (169/173), and complication checks (91/173). Among 173 inpatients, rate of adequate hospitalization days was 36.42 % (63/173). And chi-square test suggested no significant difference (P > 0.05) on guideline adherence in two groups, which implied both of critical and general patients’ treatments should be stressed to comply with guidelines. There existed a large gap between guidelines and practices of the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis japonica.

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“…*Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register.**Search terms used in combination with the search strategy for retrieving trials developed by The Cochrane Collaboration (Lefebvre 2008); upper case: MeSH or EMTREE heading; lower case: free text term.…”

Section: Appendicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis

Kramer

Zhang

Sinclair

et al. 2014

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by an intravascular infection with parasitic Schistosoma haematobium worms. The adult worms typically migrate to the venous plexus of the human bladder and excrete eggs which the infected person passes in their urine. Chronic infection can cause substantial morbidity and long‐term complications as the eggs become trapped in human tissues causing inflammation and fibrosis. We summarised evidence of drugs active against the infection. This is new edition of a review first published in 1997. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE and LILACS and reference lists of articles up to 23 May 2014. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antischistosomal drugs and drug combinations compared to placebo, no intervention, or each other. Data collection and analysis Two researchers independently screened the records, extracted the data and assessed risk of bias. The primary efficacy outcomes were parasitological failure (defined as the continued presence of S. haematobium eggs in the urine at time points greater than one month after treatment), and percent reduction of egg counts from baseline. We presented dichotomous data as risk ratios (RR), and continuous data as mean difference (MD), alongside their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Where appropriate we combined trials in meta analyses or tables. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. Main results We included 30 RCTs enrolling 8165 participants in this review. Twenty‐four trials were conducted in children in sub‐Saharan Africa, and 21 trials were over 20 years old. Many studies were assessed as being at unclear risk of bias due to inadequate descriptions of study methods. Praziquantel On average, a single 40 mg/kg dose of praziquantel reduced the proportion of people still excreting eggs in their urine by around 60% compared to placebo at one to two months after treatment (treatment failure: RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.59, 864 participants, seven trials, high quality evidence ). The proportion of people cured with praziquantel varied substantially between trials, from 22.5% to 83.3%, but was higher than 60% in five of the seven trials. At one to two months following praziquantel treatment at 40 mg/kg, the mean number of schistosome eggs in the urine was reduced by over 95% in five out of six trials (678 participants, six trials, high quality evidence ). Splitting praziquantel 40 mg/kg into two doses over 12 hours probably has no benefits over a single dose, and in a single trial of 220 participants the...

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Praziquantel

Cited by 356 publications

References 61 publications

Cytosine methylation regulates oviposition in the pathogenic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Cytosine methylation regulates oviposition in the pathogenic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Guideline adherence for the treatment of advanced schistosomiasis japonica in Hubei, China

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis

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