Pre- and post-analytical factors that may influence use of serum prostate specific antigen and its isoforms in a screening programme for prostate cancer

Price, Christopher P.; Allard, Jeffrey; Davies, Gareth; Dawnay, Anne; Duffy, Michael J.; Mandarino, George; Ward, A. Milford; Patel, Binita; Sibley, Paul; Sturgeon, Catharine M.

doi:10.1258/0004563011900632

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(163 reference statements)

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“…Ejaculation and exercise have been debated intensively in this context. The issues have been reviewed recently, but no clear effect on tPSA concentrations has been demonstrated (4,5 ). By comparing before and after values, some studies reported a slight increase, others found no change, and some studies reported a decrease in concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Variation of Total Prostate-Specific Antigen: A Survey of Published Estimates and Consequences for Clinical Practice

Sölétormos¹,

et al. 2005

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Background:The objectives of this study were to determine whether a single result for total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) can be used confidently to guide the need for prostate biopsy and by how much serial tPSA measurements must differ to be significant. tPSA measurements include both analytical and biological components of variation. The European Group on Tumor Markers conducted a literature survey to determine both the magnitude and impact of biological variation on single, the mean of replicate, and serial tPSA measurements. Methods: The survey yielded 27 studies addressing the topic, and estimates for the biological variation of tPSA could be derived from 12 of these studies. Results: The mean biological variation was 20% in the concentration range 0.1-20 g/L for men over 50 years. The biological variation means that the one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of the dispersion for a single tPSA

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Variation of Total Prostate-Specific Antigen: A Survey of Published Estimates and Consequences for Clinical Practice

Sölétormos¹,

et al. 2005

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“…Serum PSA concentration is useful for PC screening, but it cannot differentiate accurately between early-stage PC and non-cancer such as BPH, prostatitis, and so on (7). With the current suggested PSA threshold of 4 ng/ml ~15.2% of PCs are missed (8), while conversely only 20-25% have positive histological findings of PC (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characteristic gene expression profiles of benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer

Endo

Uzawa²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2009

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. The molecular mechanism playing a role in the development of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) is not well defined. We performed microarray analysis to assess the gene expression change in BPH and PC, and performed network analysis. Normal prostate, BPH and PC tissues were obtained from patients who underwent an operation at Chiba University Hospital. Using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus2.0 Array, we identified genes differentially expressed. The identified genes were analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to investigate the functional network and gene ontology. The microarray analysis identified 402 genes in BPH and 141 genes in PC, which were up-or down-regulated at least 5.0-fold change in PC at all dose points. Analysis using IPA software revealed eight networks in BPH and five networks in PC. We narrowed these down to the top five genes, which were up-or down-regulated on the networks in their characteristic manner. From this new perspective, comparing BPH and PC in microarray studies, our data showing gene expression profiles provide candidate genes for better understanding of disease and new therapeutic targets.

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“…To interpret PSA data from any individual or serially collected specimens, PSA variability in the blood should also be taken into account (207,222 ). The EGTM recently reviewed publications concerning the variability of PSA and reported that a fair estimate of the biological variation of PSA is 20% in men older than 50 years within the PSA concentration range of 0.1-20 g/L (223 ).…”

Section: Biological Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Testicular, Prostate, Colorectal, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers

et al. 2008

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Background: Updated National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for the use of tumor markers in the clinic have been developed. Methods: Published reports relevant to use of tumor markers for 5 cancer sites—testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ovarian—were critically reviewed. Results: For testicular cancer, α-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are recommended for diagnosis/case finding, staging, prognosis determination, recurrence detection, and therapy monitoring. α-Fetoprotein is also recommended for differential diagnosis of nonseminomatous and seminomatous germ cell tumors. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is not recommended for prostate cancer screening, but may be used for detecting disease recurrence and monitoring therapy. Free PSA measurement data are useful for distinguishing malignant from benign prostatic disease when total PSA is <10 μg/L. In colorectal cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen is recommended (with some caveats) for prognosis determination, postoperative surveillance, and therapy monitoring in advanced disease. Fecal occult blood testing may be used for screening asymptomatic adults 50 years or older. For breast cancer, estrogen and progesterone receptors are mandatory for predicting response to hormone therapy, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 measurement is mandatory for predicting response to trastuzumab, and urokinase plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 may be used for determining prognosis in lymph node–negative patients. CA15-3/BR27–29 or carcinoembryonic antigen may be used for therapy monitoring in advanced disease. CA125 is recommended (with transvaginal ultrasound) for early detection of ovarian cancer in women at high risk for this disease. CA125 is also recommended for differential diagnosis of suspicious pelvic masses in postmenopausal women, as well as for detection of recurrence, monitoring of therapy, and determination of prognosis in women with ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Implementation of these recommendations should encourage optimal use of tumor markers.

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Pre- and post-analytical factors that may influence use of serum prostate specific antigen and its isoforms in a screening programme for prostate cancer

Cited by 51 publications

References 102 publications

Biological Variation of Total Prostate-Specific Antigen: A Survey of Published Estimates and Consequences for Clinical Practice

Biological Variation of Total Prostate-Specific Antigen: A Survey of Published Estimates and Consequences for Clinical Practice

Characteristic gene expression profiles of benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer

National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Testicular, Prostate, Colorectal, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers

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