Pre-earthquake Anomaly Detection and Assessment through Lineament Changes Observation Using Multi-temporal Landsat 8-OLI Imageries: Case of Gorkha and Imphal

Abstract

Pre-earthquake anomaly detection and assessment was performed in the present study through lineament changes observation by using multitemporal Landsat 8 OLI satellite imageries. These data found convincing results to identify relevant anomalous variations prior to the two recent earthquakes, that is, Gorkha of Nepal 7.8 M w (major) (25 April 2015) and Imphal of Manipur (eastern India) 6.7 M w (strong) (4 January 2016) compared with normal behavior in the absence of earthquake. Epicenter-based single tile of five multitemporal Landsat 8 OLI data was considered for each case, where one image was considered to show the normal behavior of lineament (in the absence of earthquake) and three for anomalous behavior prior to earthquake (in the presence of earthquake), and the rest one used to represent post-earthquake behavior (in the absence of earthquake), respectively. The derived lineament data were used further in different forms to observe pre-earthquake anomalies. The research results witnessed major changes of lineaments and observed anomalies prior to the two impending earthquakes while it was observed normal behavior in the absence of earthquake event. The results obtained using the automated and geo-integrated techniques help us to detect earthquake in advance prior to its strike could be used an alternative method in worldwide for future earthquake monitoring.

Mapping and Assessment of Geological Lineaments with the Contribution of Earth Observation Data: A Case Study of the Zaer Granite Massif, Western Moroccan Meseta

“…First, a radiometric calibration was applied in order to transform the digital numbers into values reflected by the surface. Afterward, the FLAASH (fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes) module was performed to correct the atmosphere [3,84].…”

“…On the other hand, the TIRS having two spectral bands, each characterized by 100 m in terms of spatial resolution (Table 1) [49,51]. Landsat 8 OLI has been used in several works for lineament extraction [3,26,52]. The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer, known as ASTER, is a multispectral image.…”

“…In recent decades, lineament extraction and analysis have been widely used by geologists [1][2][3][4]. It is an important indicator for describing tectonic events and their resulting fractures throughout geological history at different scales [5].…”

“…Advances in computer hardware technology have largely supported the study of geological structures using remote sensing [31]. Nowadays, with the recent developments in the earth observation system by applying remote sensing, multiple data sources and techniques are used for lineament characterization [3,22]. Thus, automatic methods have become more practical and less time-consuming compared to manual methods [27,32].…”