Pre-Migration Trauma and HIV-Risk Behavior

Steel, Jennifer L.; Herlitz, Claes; Matthews, Jesse; Snyder, Wendy K.; Mazzaferro, Kathryn; Baum, Andy; Theorell, Töres

doi:10.1177/1363461503040001006

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This finding is supported by previous research connecting prior traumatic sexual experiences with current risk behaviors. 8–11 Although histories of premigration trauma among women have been shown to be associated with sexual risk behaviors after migration, 30 this is among the first studies to explicitly link these 2 highly prevalent migration-related risks among migrant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Evidence suggests that psychological consequences of sexual violence, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, may mediate the relationship between previous sexual trauma and sexual risk behavior. 30,32 Furthermore, some have suggested that experiences of sexual violence have the potential to instill the idea that sex is a commodity to be exchanged for goods or other services. 33 Thus, the differential impact of travel-phase sexual violence by level of social support may stem from the influence of social support on the psychological effects of experiencing sexual violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Support, Sexual Violence, and Transactional Sex Among Female Transnational Migrants to South Africa

et al. 2016

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Objectives To examine the relationship between sexual violence and transactional sex and assess the impact of social support on this relationship among female transnational migrants in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods In 2012 we administered a behavioral risk factor survey using respondent-driven sampling to transnational migrant women aged between 16 and 39 years, born outside South Africa, living in Cape Town, and speaking English, Shona, Swahili, Lingala, Kirundi, Kinyarwanda, French, or Somali. Results Controlling for study covariates, travel-phase sexual violence was positively associated with engagement in transactional sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 1.77), and social support was shown to be a protective factor (APR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.75, 0.95). The interaction of experienced sexual violence during migration and social support score was APR = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.66, 1.10). In the stratified analysis, we found an increased risk of transactional sex among the low social support group (APR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.22, 2.00). This relationship was not statistically significant among the moderate or high social support group (APR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.58, 1.87). Conclusions Programs designed to strengthen social support may reduce transactional sex among migrant women after they have settled in their receiving communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Support, Sexual Violence, and Transactional Sex Among Female Transnational Migrants to South Africa

et al. 2016

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“…Several studies have reported trauma exposure among immigrants (8, 9). One qualitative study of emigrants from sub-Saharan Africa who were residing in Sweden noted that a history of pre-migration trauma could be associated with HIV-risk behavior (10). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma Exposure, PTSD, and HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors among Labor Migrants from Tajikistan

et al. 2012

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Little is known about the role of trauma and PTSD symptoms in the context of migration-associated HIV risk behaviors. A survey of Tajik married male seasonal labor migrants in Moscow was completed by 200 workers from 4 bazaars and 200 workers from 18 construction sites as part of a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) study. The mean PC-PTSD score was 1.2 with one-quarter of migrants scoring at or above the cutoff of 3 indicating likely PTSD diagnosis. PC-PTSD score was directly correlated with both direct and indirect trauma exposure, but PC-PTSD score did not predict either HIV sexual risk behaviors or HIV protective behaviors. HIV sexual risk behavior was associated with higher indirect trauma exposure. PC-PTSD score was associated with some indicators of increased caution (e.g. more talking with partners about HIV and condoms; more use of condom when drinking). Qualitative findings were used to illustrate the differences between direct and indirect traumas in terms of HIV sexual risk. The study findings call for future efforts to address labor migrant's mental health needs and to integrate trauma dimensions into HIV prevention.

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“…The most vulnerable FB individuals with HIV are those that come as undocumented migrants, asylum seekers or refugees who, based on their vulnerable status, have been exposed to political or discriminatory violence due to sexual orientation; some also experience sexual abuse and HIV exposure (45,46). How vulnerable FB immigrants arrive in the US also impacts how they access health information, insurance, and health care, increasing for some the risk of HIV exposure (47,48).…”

Section: Fb Persons With Hiv In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersectional Stigma and Multi-Level Barriers to HIV Testing Among Foreign-Born Black Men From the Caribbean

Taylor

DeHovitz

Hirshfield

2020

Front. Public Health

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Testing is the entry point into the HIV care continuum that includes linkage to and retention in prevention services, and adherence to prevention strategies, including repeat HIV testing. Despite US policy approaches to expand HIV testing to diverse clinical care and community settings, disparities in HIV testing among Black populations persist. Foreign-born (FB) Black persons from the Caribbean have higher annual rates of HIV diagnosis and a higher percentage of late-stage HIV diagnosis, compared with US-born Black persons; and most HIV infections among FB Blacks are among men. In this article, we provide an overview of HIV testing barriers among FB Black men who engage in HIV risk-taking behaviors (e.g., condomless sex with male and/or female partners of unknown HIV serostatus). Barriers to HIV testing for both FB and US-born Black men, include HIV stigma (anticipated, perceived, internalized), low perceived HIV risk, medical or government mistrust, and perceived low access to testing resources. We examine beliefs about masculinity and gender roles that may perpetuate heteronormative stereotypes associated with perceptions of low HIV risk and barriers to HIV testing. We also discuss the impact of recent immigration policies on accessing HIV testing and treatment services and how intersectional stigmas and structural forms of oppression, such as racism, prejudice against select immigrant groups, and homophobia that may further amplify barriers to HIV testing among FB Black men. Finally, we review comprehensive prevention approaches, and suggest innovative approaches, that may improve the uptake of HIV testing among FB Black men.

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Pre-Migration Trauma and HIV-Risk Behavior

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Social Support, Sexual Violence, and Transactional Sex Among Female Transnational Migrants to South Africa

Social Support, Sexual Violence, and Transactional Sex Among Female Transnational Migrants to South Africa

Trauma Exposure, PTSD, and HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors among Labor Migrants from Tajikistan

Intersectional Stigma and Multi-Level Barriers to HIV Testing Among Foreign-Born Black Men From the Caribbean

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