Pre-Operative Characteristics Helping to Avoid Gastrostomy Tube After Mandibular Distraction in Neonates With Pierre-Robin Sequence: A Institutional Case-Series and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Objective: to investigate the ability of mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) to avoid gastrostomy tube (G-tube). Data Sources: PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and Embase. Review Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the number of MDO cases performed at our institution for patients with Robin Sequence (RS) over the past 10 years. In our institutional review, patients were excluded if they had a G-tube already placed at the time of surgery. We also performed a systematic review of the literature. Articles were excluded if they did not detail feeding outcomes after MDO, or if MDO was performed on patients that did not have RS. Results: In our systematic review, 12 articles were included that comprised a total of 209 neonates with RS that underwent MDO. A total of 174 (83.3%) patients avoided a G-tube once MDO was performed. A total of 14 patients met the inclusion criteria at our institution. Of the 14 RS patients, 9 (64%) avoided having a G-tube placed and all (14/14) avoided tracheostomy. The average birth weight of patients avoiding a G-tube was 3.11 kg compared to 2.25 kg ( P = .045) in the group requiring a G-tube. In the group avoiding a G-tube, the average weight at time of operation was 3.46 kg compared to 2.83 kg ( P = .037) in the group requiring a G-tube. Conclusion: MDO may be considered as a surgical option to prevent G-tube placement for neonates with non-syndromic RS who have difficulty with PO feeding but whose airway obstruction is not severe enough to require respiratory support. Based on our institutional experience, a minimum weight of 3.00 kg correlated with higher success rates of PO intake and avoiding a G-tube.