Pre‐S proteins in hepatitis b

Kuijpers, L; Koens, M. J.; Murray‐Lyon, Iain M.; Coleman, John; Karayiannis, Peter; Thomas, Howard; Zanetti, Alessandro; Cargnel, Antonietta; Harrison, Tim J.; Zuckerman, Arie J.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890280111

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The epitopes of the two domains are immunogenic in man and mice, and denaturation resistant in Western blots (Milich et al 1985(Milich et al , 1986Neurath et al 1984). The relationship between preS 1/preS2 antigens in serum and the status of viral replication in HBV chronically infected subjects is still controversial (Kuijpers et al 1989;Budkowska et al 1988a;Hu et al 1987;Mondelli et al 1984;Van Ditzhuijsen et al 1990). To gain a better understanding of the serum kinetics of the preS antigens in subjects with chronic HBV infection, we investigated the two antigens in serial serum samples from biopsy-proven chronic active (CAH, three cases) and chronic persistent (CPH, five cases) hepatitis, and from ten asymptomatic carriers, by an enyzme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing anti-preS 1 and anti-preS2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation of preS antigens and clinical status during chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Taliani

Rapicetta

Francisci

et al. 1991

Med Microbiol Immunol

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The serum kinetics of preS1 and preS2 antigens has been evaluated in 38 serial samples from eight patients with chronic active (CAH) or chronic persistent (CPH) hepatitis, followed for 2-7 years (mean 4.4 years) in whom liver biopsy was performed at intervals, and in 46 samples from ten asymptomatic HBsAg carriers followed for 4-5 years (mean 4.6 years). Four patterns of preS behaviour have been observed: (1) persistently positive preS1 and preS2; (2) disappearance of preS2; (3) disappearance of both preS1 and preS2; and (4) persistently negative preS1 and preS2. Pattern 4 has been observed exclusively among healthy carriers, while seven out of eight chronic patients exhibited either pattern 1 or 2. Among the chronic patients, preS2 disappearance was accompanied or followed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. The correlation of preS antigens with conventional viral replication markers showed that 100% of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA-positive and 86.6% of HBeAg-positive sera were preS1/preS2 positive, while 61% of HBV-DNA-negative and 64% of HBeAg-negative sera were preS1/preS2 negative. Our data suggest that continuous monitoring of preS antigens in follow-up sera will allow for an improved prognostic evaluation of chronic HBV infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation of preS antigens and clinical status during chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Taliani

Rapicetta

Francisci

et al. 1991

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…When subunits are combined in a polyvalent vaccine, the resulting overall protection level may be greater than, less than, or equal to the sum of the protection levels from each component subunit (synergistic, antagonistic, and additive interactions, respectively). In HBV vaccination there is evidence of a synergistic interaction: the novel preS-containing vaccines appear to increase anti-HBs levels (possibly through providing additional T-helper cell epitopes), as well as stimulating the production of anti-preS antibodies [Kuijpers et al, 1989;Waters et al, 1998]. In some cases the preS subunit may move antiHBs levels closer to the protective threshold (for example, in some low-responders) and so improve vaccine-induced protection [Zuckerman et al, 1997].…”

Section: The Evaluation Of Subunit Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of the relationship between immunogenicity and immunity for viral subunit vaccines

Wilson¹,

Nokes²,

Dimmock³

2001

Journal of Medical Virology

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The prevention of viral infection by vaccination relies on stimulating an appropriate immune response in order to reduce the probability with which a virus can establish an infection. Post-vaccination antibody responses have therefore been associated with reducing the probability with which an individual can be infected (i.e., the vaccine's "impact"). Quantifying this relationship is essential in evaluating new vaccines, especially since comparisons between vaccines, and vaccine licensure, may be dependent on antibody responses alone. In this paper two principal questions are identified which need to be addressed in the evaluation of subunit vaccines: i) how do specific antibody levels relate to complete protection from infection or disease and ii) how do antigenic subunits interact in developing protection when combined together in a single vaccine. The aim is to identify explicitly certain assumptions that are frequently made implicitly in the discussion of vaccine action. First, antibody levels are related to levels of protection through a novel statistical analysis of incidence data from a published hepatitis B vaccine trial. The antibody response observed after influenza A virus infection is discussed in relation to the selection of neutralisation escape variants. Finally, by way of example, a theoretical situation is examined and three simple models of subunit vaccine action are constructed in order to describe how antibody levels may be related to population level phenomena such as the elimination of an infection by mass vaccination.

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“…Pre-S peptides in serum have been studied extensively in chronic HBV infection as markers of the presence and level of HBV replication with conflicting results [Theilmann et al, 1986;Hu et al, 1987;Budkowska et al, 1988;Kuijpers et al, 1989;Kurai et al, 1989;Yuki et al, 19901. Expression of pre-S peptides in the liver in chronic HBV infection has been found to be independent of the replicative status of HBV [Hadziyannis et al, 19871.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…filaments of the hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) protein, whereas spherical forms of HBsAg contain 5 to 10% of pre-S2 but only 1 to 2% of pre-S1 [Stibbe and Gerlich 1982;Gerber and Thung 19891. Pre-S peptides in serum have been studied extensively in chronic HBV infection as markers of the presence and level of HBV replication with conflicting results [Theilmann et al, 1986;Hu et al, 1987;Budkowska et al, 1988;Kuijpers et al, 1989;Kurai et al, 1989;Yuki et al, 19901. Expression of pre-S peptides in the liver in chronic HBV infection has been found to be independent of the replicative status of HBV [Hadziyannis et al, 19871. Surprisingly, there is little information on pre-S peptide synthesis and secretion in hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in man in which HBV replication appears to be suppressed [Rizzetto 1983;Hadziyannis et al, 19851. In experimental HDV infection in chimpanzees, circulating HDV particles have been found to possess an HBV-derived envelope composed of HBsAg and of pre-S1 and pre-S2 [Bonino et al, 19861. We now report on the demonstration and cellular localization of pre-S1 and pre-S2 gene-encoded proteins in the liver of 30 patients with chronic HDV infection and on their expression in the serum in comparison with markers of HBV and HDV replication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐S1 and pre‐S2 gene‐encoded proteins in liver and serum in chronic hepatitis delta infection

Hadziyannis

Georgopoulou

Psalidaki

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Virology

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Frozen cryostat sections and sera from 30 patients with chronic delta infection were examined for pre-S1 and pre-S2 gene-encoded proteins, and the results were compared to markers in liver and serum HBV and HDV replication. Pre-S1 and pre-S2 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) in the liver in all 26 patients with histochemically demonstrable HBsAg. Pre-S peptides were found by double IF to have a predominantly cytoplasmic expression and to be located in the same hepatocytes expressing HBsAg. Liver cells expressing hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) were frequently negative or very weakly positive for HBsAg and pre-S peptides, but occasional HDAg positive hepatocytes were also strongly positive for HBsAg and for pre-S peptides, particularly pre-S2. Circulating pre-S1 was detected in 24 patients (80%) and pre-S2 in 27 (90%). Detection of pre-S peptides in liver and serum was independent of HBV and HDV replication and of the HBV-DNA integration state. There was no correlation between the amount of circulating pre-S peptides and serum HBV-DNA and HDV-RNA. These results indicate that in chronic HDV infection, formation and secretion of pre-S peptides and of HBsAg occur independently of HBV and HDV replication and secretion. They further indicate that in the acquisition by replicating HDV of an HBV-derived envelope in the liver, both HBsAg and pre-S peptides are concomitantly available but circulating HDV-RNA is not invariably associated with the presence of these peptides in serum.

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Pre‐S proteins in hepatitis b

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Correlation of preS antigens and clinical status during chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Correlation of preS antigens and clinical status during chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Analysis of the relationship between immunogenicity and immunity for viral subunit vaccines

Pre‐S1 and pre‐S2 gene‐encoded proteins in liver and serum in chronic hepatitis delta infection

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