Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia

Flecknell, Paul; Lofgren, Jennifer; Dyson, Melissa C.; Marini, Robert R.; Swindle, M. Michael; Wilson, Ronald P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00024-9

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 363 publications

(428 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, Group 2 (n = 28) was orally infected with 8000 H. contortus L 3 and fecal examination was performed to confirm H. contortus infection before collecting the sera. Moreover, at 30 D.P.I the goats of group 2 were euthanized by injecting sodium pentobarbital (> 150 mg/kg) intravenously [48]. Furthermore, necropsy was performed to confirm the presence of adult worms embedded in the abomasum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat

et al. 2020

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Background: Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is one of the most important parasites that cause huge economic losses to small ruminant industry worldwide. Effective prognosis and treatment depend upon the early diagnosis of H. contortus infection. To date, no widely-approved methods for the identification of prepatent H. contortus infection are available to identify prepatent H. contortus infection properly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of recombinant cold shock H. contortus protein (rHc-CS) during early and late infections of H. contortus in goat. Results: Purified rHc-CS exhibited a clear band, with a molecular weight about 38 kDa. H. contortus eggs were not detected by fecal egg count technique from feces collected at 0 to 14 days post infection (D.P.I). However, eggs were detected at 21, 28 and 35 D.P.I. Hence, results of immunoblotting assay showed specific anti rHc-CS antibody detection in all goat sera collected at early stage (14 D.P.I) and late stage (21-103 D.P.I) of H. contortus infection. Furthermore, no cross reactivity was observed against Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica and Toxoplasma gondii or uninfected goats. Among several evaluated rHc-CS indirect-ELISA format variables, favorable antigen coating concentration was found 0.28 μg/well at 37°C 1 h and overnight at 4°C. Moreover, optimum dilution ratio of serum and rabbit anti-goat IgG was recorded as 1:100 and 1:4000, respectively. The best blocking buffer was 5% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) while the best time for blocking, serum incubation and TMB reaction were recorded as 60, 120 and 10 min, respectively. The cut-off value for positive and negative interpretation was determined as 0.352 (OD 450 ). The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the rHc-CS, both were recorded as 100%. Conclusion: These results validated that rHc-CS is a potential immunodiagnostic antigen to detect the specific antibodies during early and late H. contortus infections in goat.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 14 days, incomplete Freund's adjuvant mixed equally with rHc-CS protein was injected twice with 1 week interval. Finally, SD rats were anesthetized with 25% isoflurane (inhaling anesthesia) after 1 week of the last dose by open drop method [48]. Group 2 was kept untreated as control.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat

et al. 2020

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“…week interval for antibody detection. were euthanized by injecting sodium pentobarbital (>150 mg/kg) intravenously [46], immediately opened the abomasum and the luminal content was removed. After washing the abomasum, presence of adult worms embedded in the mucosa was confirmed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat

Aimulajiang

Memon

Hasan

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is the most abundant nematode causing haemonchosis with major economic losses to the small ruminant industry farming worldwide. Effective prognosis and treatment depend upon the early diagnosis of H. contortus infection. To date, no widely-approved methods are available to identify prepatent H. contortus infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of recombinant cold shock H. contortus protein (rHc-CS) during early and late infections of H .contortus in goat. Results: Purified rHc-CS exhibited a clear band, with a molecular weight about 38 kDa. Fecal egg count technique was unable to detect H. contortus eggs in feces collected between 0 and 14 days post infection. Eggs were detected at 21, 28 and 35 days post infection. However, Specific anti rHc-CS antibodies were detectable in sera of all infected goats during early stage (2nd week of infection) and late stage (3rd to 14th week of infection) using immunoblotting assay. Furthermore, no cross reactivity was observed against most commonly found helminths (Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica, and Toxoplasma gondii) and uninfected goats. The format variables for rHc-CS indirect-ELISA were optimized. The optimum antigen coating concentration was found 0.28μg/well at 37℃ 1h and overnight at 4°C. Optimum dilution ratio of serum and rabbit anti-goat IgG was recorded 1:100 and 1:4000 respectively. The best blocking buffer was 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the best time for blocking, serum incubation and TMB reaction was recorded as 60, 120 and 10 minutes respectively. The cut-off value for positive and negative interpretation was determined as 0.352 (OD450). The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the rHc-CS, both were recorded 100%. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that rHc-CS is a potential immunodiagnostic antigen to detect specific antibodies at early and late H. contortus infections in goat.

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“…The NaCl solution used (treatments groups 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2) was normal (0.9% w/v) and sterile (Braun, Melsungen, Germany). The dose of morphine selected for SC administration is commonly used in rats post-operative analgesia [14,47,48]. The dose for intrathecal injection (0.2 mg.kg -1 ) was selected from previous pilot studies (non-published data) and represents the highest dose and volume (average 54 μg and 54 μl) of morphine that can be administered without causing significant side effects ( i .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Intrathecal Morphine in a Model of Surgical Pain in Rats

et al. 2016

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Concerns over interactions between analgesics and experimental outcomes are a major reason for withholding opioids from rats undergoing surgical procedures. Only a fraction of morphine injected intravenously reaches receptors responsible for analgesia in the central nervous system. Intrathecal administration of morphine may represent a way to provide rats with analgesia while minimizing the amount of morphine injected. This study aimed to assess whether morphine injected intrathecally via direct lumbar puncture provides sufficient analgesia to rats exposed to acute surgical pain (caudal laparotomy).In an initial blinded, randomised study, pain-free rats received morphine subcutaneously (MSC, 3mg.kg-1, N = 6), intrathecally (MIT, 0.2mg.kg-1, N = 6); NaCl subcutaneously (NSC, N = 6) or intrathecally (NIT, N = 6). Previously validated pain behaviours, activity and Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) scores were recorded at baseline, 1, 2, 4 and 8h post-injection. Morphine-treated rats had similar behaviours to NaCl rats, but their RGS scores were significantly different over time and between treatments. In a second blinded study, rats (N = 28) were randomly allocated to one of the following four treatments (N = 7): MSC, 3mg.kg-1, surgery; MIT, 0.2mg.kg-1, surgery; NIT, surgery; NSC, sham surgery. Composite Pain Behaviours (CPB) and RGS were recorded as previously. CPB in MIT and MSC groups were not significantly different to NSC group. MSC and MIT rats displayed significantly lower RGS scores than NIT rats at 1 and 8h postoperatively. RGS scores for MIT and MSC rats were not significantly different at 1, 2, and 8h postoperatively. Intraclass correlation value amongst operators involved in RGS scoring (N = 9) was 0.913 for total RGS score. Intrathecal morphine was mostly indistinguishable from its subcutaneous counterpart, providing pain relief lasting up to 8 hours in a rat model of surgical pain. Further studies are warranted to clarify the relevance of the rat grimace scale for assessing pain in rats that have received opioid analgesics.

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Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia

Cited by 47 publications

References 363 publications

Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat

Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat

Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat

Efficacy of Intrathecal Morphine in a Model of Surgical Pain in Rats

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