Precipitation in original Duralumin A-U4G versus modern 2017A alloy

Brunet, Magali; Malard, B.; Ratel‐Ramond, Nicolas; Deshayes, Christophe; Joulie, Sébastien; Warot-Fonrose, Bénédicte; Sciau, Philippe; Douin, Joël; Geuser, F. de; Deschamps, A.

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100429

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…After solution treatment (ST), precipitation on dispersoids and at grain boundaries has disappeared: see Figure 4.c and 4.d. This precipitates zoology is equivalent to the one found in the modern 2017A alloy in the same aging conditions (Figure 6.b and [13]). Measurements of the hardening precipitates (θ"-Al3Cu and θ'-Al2Cu platelets) are reported in Table 3.…”

Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The precipitation is marked by arrows in BF-TEM image (Figure 4a) and circles in the corresponding selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern. This phase corresponds to Ω-Al2Cu phase, as identified in [13] on similar Duralumin. No other precipitation is observed in this sample by TEM but it was verified by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) that GPZ/clusters are present in this state (see Figure 5).…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 56%

“…A commercial 1 mm thick plate made of 2017A alloy in state T4 was bought: it is the modern alloy on which artificial aging will be conducted. On this alloy, a comprehensive study of the precipitation was previously conducted as it constitutes the first step to properly understand further aging [13]. Table 1 reports the elementary composition for each alloy measured by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma -Optical Emission Spectrometry).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of long-term natural aging to artificial aging in Duralumin

et al. 2020

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The understanding of long-term aging of aeronautical materials, in particular aluminium alloys used in the fuselage and structure of aircraft is of extreme importance for airline fleets. In this work, a plate from an old aircraft (Breguet) was retrieved and studied in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. A comparison was made between this naturally-aged alloy and a modern alloy on which different artificial aging conditions were applied. The old alloy exhibits a precipitation of θ-Al2Cu at grain boundaries and of Ω-Al2Cu on dispersoids. This non-expected nanostructure for an alloy in T4 state was attributed to the heat that the plate experienced during the aircraft cycles. However, it is shown that this aging is reversible (after a solution treatment). Moreover, the very long time of outdoors exposure seems to have caused intergranular corrosion causing the early failure during tensile tests on some of the specimens. The artificial aging (low temperature, 100°C for up to 10,000h) applied on the modern 2017A alloy did not allow to reproduce the nanostructure of the old plate, meaning that isothermal conditions for artificial aging might not be appropriate in this case.

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Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of long-term natural aging to artificial aging in Duralumin

et al. 2020

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“…At elevated temperatures, those zones turned into the sources for metastable Al 2 Cu and MgCuAl 2 compounds' precipitation with further transformation into stable phases. The detection of GP and GDP zones in polycrystalline powder samples was hindered due to the small (a few nanometres) size of the atom clusters and, therefore, non-recognizable or diffuse spots in the XRD patterns [83][84][85][86][87].…”

Section: Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Scrap to Hydrogen: Manufacture of Hydroreactive Solid Shapes via Combination of Ball Milling, Cold Pressing, and Spark Plasma Sintering

Buryakovskaya,

Vlaskin,

Butyrin

2023

Nanomaterials

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Two sorts of tablets were manufactured from ball-milled powder (aluminum scrap and copper) by cold pressing and spark plasma sintering. Their microstructure, phase, and elemental compositions were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. New phases, Al2Cu and MgCuAl2, were detected in the samples. Their microstructure was formed by welded scrap particles, the intermetallides, and Cu-rich regions located majorly along ‘interparticle boundaries’ and, to a lesser extent, within small, micro- and nanosized ‘intraparticle spots’. The tablets were sealed with adhesive, so only the top surface was exposed to the environment, and tested in a chlorine aqueous solution for hydrogen generation performance. For both sample sorts, hydrogen yields of nearly 100% were achieved. The sintered tablets reacted faster than the cold-pressed ones: at 60, 70, and 80 °C, their entire ‘conversion into hydrogen’ took ~80, 40, and 30 min. vs. ~220, 100, and 70 min. The experimental kinetic curves were fitted with a contracting geometry equation, and those for the sintered samples were approximated with higher precision. The key effect of the additive was to enhance hydrogen evolution through the galvanic corrosion of Al in the regions adjacent to the intermetallic inclusions and Cu-rich spots.

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“…Duralumin is a trade name for Al-Cu(-Mg-Mn) alloys discovered in 1906 by Alfred Wilm [1,2]. He developed the first duralumins, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of thermal properties of the aluminium EN AW 2024-T3 alloy

Manasijević,

Balanović,

Tadić

et al. 2024

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The thermal properties of the aluminum EN AW-2024 alloy (duralumin) delivered in the T3 condition (solution annealed, quenched, cold-deformed, and naturally aged) were experimentally investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and light flash apparatus (LFA) for thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity evaluation. The microstructure of the alloy in the initial state and after heating to 400 • C was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The presence of an exothermic thermal effect in the temperature range from 230 to 283 • C during the first heating of the examined sample was determined by the results of DTA/DSC analysis. The thermal diffusivity of the investigated alloy was measured in the temperature range from 25 to 400 • C using three heating runs. During the first heating, the thermal diffusivity of the investigated alloy increased with an increase in temperature up to approximately 300 • C, after which it decreased. During the second and third heating, it was observed that the measured thermal diffusivity values at temperatures lower than 300 • C were significantly higher than during the first heating, and the thermal diffusivity gradually decreased with increasing temperature in the entire investigated temperature range. Experimentally determined thermal diffusivity and density, as well as calculated specific heat capacity data, were used to determine the thermal conductivity of the studied alloy in the temperature interval from 25 to 400 • C. The obtained results indicate that initial heating to a temperature above 300 • C causes a significant increase in the values of the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the investigated 2024-T3 alloy.

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Precipitation in original Duralumin A-U4G versus modern 2017A alloy

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Comparison of long-term natural aging to artificial aging in Duralumin

Comparison of long-term natural aging to artificial aging in Duralumin

Metal Scrap to Hydrogen: Manufacture of Hydroreactive Solid Shapes via Combination of Ball Milling, Cold Pressing, and Spark Plasma Sintering

Study of thermal properties of the aluminium EN AW 2024-T3 alloy

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