Precise Localization of Renshaw Cells with a New Marking Technique

Thomas, R C; Wilson, Victor J.

doi:10.1038/206211b0

Cited by 451 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Lamina VII contains a larger number of interneurons, defined as Renshaw cells, which form a collateral circuit that inhibits MN (25). Renshaw neurons are defined by electrophysiological properties but typically stain for gephyrin and calbindin 28k.…”

Section: Effects Of Lithium Treatment On the Renshaw-like Cell Area (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Fornai

Longone

Cafaro

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

504

458

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment. In the present study, we found that daily doses of lithium, leading to plasma levels ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 mEq/liter, delay disease progression in human patients affected by ALS. None of the patients treated with lithium died during the 15 months of the follow-up, and disease progression was markedly attenuated when compared with age-, disease duration-, and sex-matched control patients treated with riluzole for the same amount of time. In a parallel study on a genetic ALS animal model, the G93A mouse, we found a marked neuroprotection by lithium, which delayed disease onset and duration and augmented the life span. These effects were concomitant with activation of autophagy and an increase in the number of the mitochondria in motor neurons and suppressed reactive astrogliosis. Again, lithium reduced the slow necrosis characterized by mitochondrial vacuolization and increased the number of neurons counted in lamina VII that were severely affected in saline-treated G93A mice. After lithium administration in G93A mice, the number of these neurons was higher even when compared with saline-treated WT. All these mechanisms may contribute to the effects of lithium, and these results offer a promising perspective for the treatment of human patients affected by ALS

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Lithium Treatment On the Renshaw-like Cell Area (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Fornai

Longone

Cafaro

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

504

458

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the size of the bubble, microinjection volume ranged from 1.5 to 17 nl over all of the experiments. The recording and microinjection sites were marked by Fast Green (Thomas and Wilson, 1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Modulation of Trigeminal Reflex Blinks: Interpositus Neurons

Chen

Evinger²

2006

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because of its simplicity, blinking is a prominent model system in analysis of adaptation and conditioning with the cerebellum. Nevertheless, data on the role of the cerebellum in modulation of normal reflex blinks are limited. We correlated the discharge of interpositus (IP) neurons with normal trigeminal reflex blinks and blink adaptation in urethane-anesthetized rats. Two groups of IP neurons responded to cornea stimulation. One group, pause neurons, showed a long cessation of their tonic discharge beginning 6 ms before the end of lid closure. The second group, burst neurons, exhibited a transient increase in firing frequency at a constant interval after the cornea stimulus. The cessation of pause neuron activity appeared to contribute to the termination of blinks. The tonic discharge rate increased and the cessation of pause neuron activity was delayed coincident with increased amplitude and duration of reflex blinks produced by blink adaptation. There was a coincident increase in the amplitude and duration of reflex blinks with increased tonic activity and delayed pause in pause neurons treated with the GABA A antagonist, gabazine. Burst neurons did not appear to modulate reflex blinks. Burst neuron discharge correlated neither with blink characteristics normally nor with blink adaptation. These findings indicated that pause neurons affect reflex blinks by providing a tonic excitatory input to facial motoneurons during lid closure and then disfacilitating those motoneurons to adjust the termination of lid closure. Burst neurons may play a role in eyelid conditioning.

show abstract

“…In experiments where marking of the recording sites of unit activities was attempted, glass capillary micro-electrodes were filled with 3 M-KCl saturated with Fast Green dye (Thomas & Wilson, 1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological and sensory properties of the thalamic reticular neurones related to somatic sensation in rats.

Sugitani¹

1979

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY1. In urethane-anaesthetized rats, studies were made on unit discharges of neurones of the thalamic reticular nucleus (tr) receiving the somatosensory input. Such units were found distributed in a part of the tr (s-tr) surrounding the anterior and anterolateral borders of the ventrobasal nuclear complex (vb).2. A series of five to ten bursts of grouped discharges were elicited in the s-tr neurones as orthodromic responses to single shock stimulation of the medial lemniscus (ml) or the somatosensory cortex (smc). In contrast to this, the vb relay cells were fired by ml impulses only once at short latencies, though later there occurred a series of two to three bursts of grouped discharges. The same response pattern was seen by stimulating the smc, except that the initial response to smc shocks was of antidromic origin.3. The mean response latency of the s-tr neurones to ml shocks was about 0-6 msec longer than that of the vb relay cells. Ml fibres connected to the s-tr neurones had the same distribution of conduction velocity as those connected to the vb relay cells. It is suggested that most, if not all, of the s-tr neurones are innervated by axon collaterals of the vb relay cells.4. About half the s-tr units were activated from vibrissae. For most of the remaining half either movements of hairs or touch to the skin were effective. In the vb, the units discharged by movements of hairs were most numerous and those activated from vibrissae were less frequent. While responses of the s-tr neurones to adequate stimuli were almost exclusively of phasic type, 30 % of the responses of the vb relay cells were tonic and the remainder were phasic.5. By exploring the tr extensively, the s-tr was found to be contiguous caudally to the perigeniculate reticular nucleus which is immediately adjacent to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and contains reticular neurones activated by visual stimuli. Though few in number, units were found in the tr which received a convergence of somatosensory and visual inputs or of somatosensory and auditory inputs.

show abstract

Precise Localization of Renshaw Cells with a New Marking Technique

Cited by 451 publications

References 5 publications

Lithium delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Lithium delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Cerebellar Modulation of Trigeminal Reflex Blinks: Interpositus Neurons

Electrophysiological and sensory properties of the thalamic reticular neurones related to somatic sensation in rats.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About