Precise Modulation Strategies for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Advances and Future Directions

Zhong, Gangliang; Yang, Zhengyi; Jiang, Tianzi

doi:10.1007/s12264-021-00781-x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…TMS uses circular or figure-eight coils to produce a rapidly changing magnetic field. Through electromagnetic induction, its magnetic field generates eddy currents that can cause synchronous neuronal activity in targeted cortical areas at a resolution of several centimeters ( 8 – 12 ). On the basis of frequency, TMS can be divided into two categories: low-frequency repetitive TMS (≤1 Hz) and high-frequency repetitive TMS (≥5 Hz) ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Section: Current Neuromodulation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial low-intensity ultrasound stimulation for treating central nervous system disorders: A promising therapeutic application

Ye²,

Liang³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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Transcranial ultrasound stimulation is a neurostimulation technique that has gradually attracted the attention of researchers, especially as a potential therapy for neurological disorders, because of its high spatial resolution, its good penetration depth, and its non-invasiveness. Ultrasound can be categorized as high-intensity and low-intensity based on the intensity of its acoustic wave. High-intensity ultrasound can be used for thermal ablation by taking advantage of its high-energy characteristics. Low-intensity ultrasound, which produces low energy, can be used as a means to regulate the nervous system. The present review describes the current status of research on low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (LITUS) in the treatment of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, essential tremor, depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies using LITUS to treat the aforementioned neurological disorders and discusses their underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Current Neuromodulation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial low-intensity ultrasound stimulation for treating central nervous system disorders: A promising therapeutic application

Ye²,

Liang³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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“…Moreover, NIBS should not only focus on interventions in the primary motor cortex. In addition, it is notable that the premotor cortex, supplementary motor areas, and the cerebellum, as well as other areas connected to the primary and secondary motor areas and form a complex network, are also involved in the processes of restoration of motor function after brain damage [ 39 , 175 ]. Therefore, patient-specific characteristics might be considered for determining the best neuromodulation target and more focal stimulation of specific cortical targets.…”

Section: Clinical Interventions For Enhancing Compensatory Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring After Central Nervous System Injuries: Neural Mechanisms and Translational Applications of Motor Recovery

et al. 2022

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Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are leading causes of long-term disability. It is estimated that more than half of the survivors of severe unilateral injury are unable to use the denervated limb. Previous studies have focused on neuroprotective interventions in the affected hemisphere to limit brain lesions and neurorepair measures to promote recovery. However, the ability to increase plasticity in the injured brain is restricted and difficult to improve. Therefore, over several decades, researchers have been prompted to enhance the compensation by the unaffected hemisphere. Animal experiments have revealed that regrowth of ipsilateral descending fibers from the unaffected hemisphere to denervated motor neurons plays a significant role in the restoration of motor function. In addition, several clinical treatments have been designed to restore ipsilateral motor control, including brain stimulation, nerve transfer surgery, and brain–computer interface systems. Here, we comprehensively review the neural mechanisms as well as translational applications of ipsilateral motor control upon rehabilitation after CNS injuries.

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“…Certain pulse rhythms can further modulate neural circuits, i.e., change how they process endogenous signals [3].…”

Section: Significance and Challenges Of Thresholding In Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique to activate neurons in the brain of conscious subjects (Goetz and Deng, 2017; Peterchev et al, 2015). Certain pulse rhythms can further modulate neural circuits, i.e., change how they process endogenous signals (Zhong et al, 2021). A key parameter of the stimulation pulses is their strength, which influences not only how many neurons but also which neuron types are stimulated (Aberra et al, 2020; Di Lazzaro et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Novel Methods for Determining Motor Threshold with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Outperform Conventional Procedures

Wang

Peterchev

Goetz

2022

Preprint

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BackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method with both clinical and research applications. However, cortical neuronal variability presents challenges for TMS thresholding methods.ObjectiveTo analyze existing methods and their variations for obtaining TMS threshold, introduce new methods from other fields, and compare their performances in terms of speed and accuracy.MethodsWe examine existing methods based on the relative-frequency approximation of the probability definition of TMS threshold and adaptive methods based on a probabilistic threshold model and maximum-likelihood as well as maximum a posteriori estimation. Variations in the estimation and stepping procedure are included to improve the performance of the latter. We adapt a Bayesian estimation method which iteratively incorporates information from the TMS response into the probability density function and introduce a family of non-parametric stochastic root-finding method with different convergence criteria and stepping rules. In addition, we demonstrate accelerated threshold detection utilizing population-level prior information. We apply all thresholding methods on a virtual test bed and characterize their estimation error.ResultsThe relative-frequency methods require a large number of stimuli and, despite good accuracy on the population level, have wide error distributions for individual subjects. The parametric estimation methods obtain threshold much faster, and their accuracy depends on their estimation and stepping rules, with their performance significantly improved when population-level prior information is included. Stochastic root-finding methods are comparable to adaptive estimation methods but are much simpler to implement and do not rely on an underlying model.ConclusionTMS thresholding methods have a wide range of behavior and difference in performance and the optimal methods requires various considerations of trade-off.

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Precise Modulation Strategies for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Advances and Future Directions

Cited by 18 publications

References 197 publications

Transcranial low-intensity ultrasound stimulation for treating central nervous system disorders: A promising therapeutic application

Transcranial low-intensity ultrasound stimulation for treating central nervous system disorders: A promising therapeutic application

Restoring After Central Nervous System Injuries: Neural Mechanisms and Translational Applications of Motor Recovery

Three Novel Methods for Determining Motor Threshold with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Outperform Conventional Procedures

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