Precision in Laboratory Robotic—HPLC Systems

Robots in the laboratory: Part II. An overview

“…The laboratory validated weighing operations in a similar fashion. Numerous comparisons of manual vs robotic results are available in the literature (33) . In one example, a laboratory robot prepares polyester polymer samples (pellets, powders, films, fibers, and liquids) for glycol determination by gas chromatography (34).…”

Examination of the automated solute-independent calibration technique

“…One must recognize that the analytical signal is a differential ' Analyte. 6 Calibrating ion. 0 Eluent.…”

“…In the case of formate as an eluent, formate has a higher equivalent ionic conductance than benzoate (see Table I); thus, the difference between the analyte and eluent conductivities is less in formate, resulting in a smaller analytical signal. Chromatograms providing the data for eq [3][4][5][6] are not shown for brevity.…”

“…Fluoride Monitored over a 24-h Period Including the Delay Period (see Figure 5) 0 Standard deviation calculated from propagation of error analysis of the SICAL equations using precision of area measurements ( = 26). 6 Average for SICAL-measured concentration ( = 26); in both cases C(true) was 10.00 mequiv/L. c Standard deviation calculated from C¡ values after applying SICAL method in an automated fashion using peak areas ( = 26).…”

“…Previously established techniques have largely given way to faster, automated analysis methods such as automated titration (2), ion selective electrodes and sensors (1), gas chromatography (2, 3), and flow injection analysis (4). Robotics (5, 6) has also been successful in the automation of chemical analysis in both on-line and off-line process monitoring.…”