Precision trunk injection technology for treatment of huanglongbing (HLB)-affected citrus trees—a review

Li, Meng; Nangong, Ziyan

doi:10.1007/s41348-021-00510-6

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Another phloem-limited disease which gave rise to investigations of trunk injection as a targeted delivery method [150] is huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening. HLB is a devastating disease associated with phloem-limited bacteria that has wreaked havoc to citrus industries in the USA and worldwide [151][152][153].…”

Section: Bacterial and Phytoplasma Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trunk Injection as a Tool to Deliver Plant Protection Materials—An Overview of Basic Principles and Practical Considerations

2022

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Trunk injection is a targeted delivery of pesticides, insecticides, nutrients, or other plant protection materials into the stem or trunk of woody plants as an alternative to spraying or soil drenching. Trunk injection has historically been used for disease and pest management of high-value forest tree species or ornamental plants when aerial applications are problematic due to spatial problems and health-related concerns. An interest in using the injection technique for protection of agricultural crops in commercial production systems has emerged more recently, where foliar applications and soil drenches have proven ineffective or pose environmental hazards. This review provides an overview of the basic principles of trunk injection and the plant physiological implications, its current use in commercial agriculture and other plant systems, and associated risks.

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Section: Bacterial and Phytoplasma Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trunk Injection as a Tool to Deliver Plant Protection Materials—An Overview of Basic Principles and Practical Considerations

2022

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“…Endotherapy can be used in angiosperms such as deciduous, ornamental, and fruit trees and gymnosperms such as conifers. It is an alternative method to apply pesticides, nutrients, fertilizers, and phytohormones [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This phytosanitary treatment can replace conventional techniques such as spraying, fumigation, and/or soil drenches [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical factors for efficient endotherapeutic protocols include diagnosing the problem, such as determining if the issue is biotic or abiotic; understanding tree morphology and physiology; formulation, dosage, and intervals; injection method; seasons suitable for application and environmental conditions; and potential risk to non-target organisms [4,[8][9][10][11]. Endotherapy is commonly known as trunk injection or tree injection [6,12,13], pressurized treatments [14,15], therapeutic control [16], microinjection [17], macroinfusion [18], chemotherapy [19,20], and gravitational infusion [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of endotherapy is not new: Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) was one of the first to describe details of the systemic action of an arsenic solution by injecting it into the trunks of apple trees to contaminate their fruit [6,7,13,24,25]. Endotherapy can be performed using historical methods, such as a simple hand drill, syringe, and modern commercial equipment that assists in introducing products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetative Endotherapy—Advances, Perspectives, and Challenges

Ferreira,

Esparraguera,

Queiroz

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Vegetative endotherapy has shown satisfactory results in replacing conventional techniques for crop production material applications, such as spraying or via soil, in trees of perennial species. This review presents an overview of concepts and classifications for existing injection methods and covers applications from articles published in the last eighteen years on endotherapeutic techniques. An Excel interactive dashboard as supplementary material with data segmentation and filters to facilitate understanding of the data is provided. The indicators more relevant to researchers and producers, including the tree species evaluated, which were deciduous trees (24%), conifers (11%), ornamental (11%), and fruit trees (54%), are outlined. The most used products were insecticides, fungicides, and antibiotics, which are discussed. Pressurized and nonpressurized technologies were evaluated based on trunk opening, interface, and injection methods. And finally, an approach to good practices in precision agriculture is also discussed.

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“…Since more than 50 years, some previous activities have tried to develop plant injection methods and techniques to inject chemical substances into tree's stem for pests control (Feng, 1972;Feng, 1979;Eggers et al, 2005;Feng and Ji, 2009;Zeng et al, 2010;Hijaz et al, 2020), which has been recently reviewed by Li and Nangong (2022). Injection of plant nutrients (Grabau et al, 1986;Schon and Blevins, 1987) and hormones (Philipson, 1985;Ross and Bower, 1991;Eriksson et al, 1998;Smith, 1998;Kong et al, 2008) for growth regulations has also been applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar infusion into trees: A novel method to study tree carbon relations and its regulations

et al. 2023

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Many carbon-related physiological questions in plants such as carbon (C) limitation or starvation have not yet been resolved thoroughly due to the lack of suitable experimental methodology. As a first step towards resolving these problems, we conducted infusion experiments with bonsai trees (Ficus microcarpa) and young maple trees (Acer pseudoplatanus) in greenhouse, and with adult Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) in the field, that were “fed” with 13C-labelled glucose either through the phloem or the xylem. We then traced the 13C-signal in plant organic matter and respiration to test whether trees can take up and metabolize exogenous sugars infused. Ten weeks after infusion started, xylem but not phloem infusion significantly increased the δ13C values in both aboveground and belowground tissues of the bonsai trees in the greenhouse, whereas xylem infusion significantly increased xylem δ13C values and phloem infusion significantly increased phloem δ13C values of the adult pines in the field experiment, compared to the corresponding controls. The respiration measurement experiment with young maple trees showed significantly increased δ13C-values in shoot respired CO2 at the time of four weeks after xylem infusion started. Our results clearly indicate that trees do translocate and metabolize exogenous sugars infused, and because the phloem layer is too thin, and thus xylem infusion can be better operated than phloem infusion. This tree infusion method developed here opens up new avenues and has great potential to be used for research on the whole plant C balance and its regulation in response to environmental factors and extreme stress conditions.

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Precision trunk injection technology for treatment of huanglongbing (HLB)-affected citrus trees—a review

Cited by 12 publications

References 143 publications

Trunk Injection as a Tool to Deliver Plant Protection Materials—An Overview of Basic Principles and Practical Considerations

Trunk Injection as a Tool to Deliver Plant Protection Materials—An Overview of Basic Principles and Practical Considerations

Vegetative Endotherapy—Advances, Perspectives, and Challenges

Sugar infusion into trees: A novel method to study tree carbon relations and its regulations

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