“…10 Of considerable recent interest are studies that sought to identify fPF prospectively by radiological screening of unaffected (by self-report) first-degree relatives of PF patients. Multiple studies have now provided evidence that more than a third of first-degree relatives of PF patients show early clinical signs of PF, [11][12][13][14] irrespective of whether the presenting IPF patient was classified as a familial or sporadic case. This has raised the concern that fPF is significantly under-diagnosed, with an associated missed opportunity for early intervention.…”