Predation on aphids in California's alfalfa fields

Neuenschwander, Peter; Hagen, K. S.; Smith, Ray F.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v43n02p053

Cited by 72 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The aphid population remained low throughout the sampling period; but fluctuations that did occur appeared to be greatly influenced by beetle predation, as the adult beetle population increases and decreases followed those of the aphids. This is not unexpected, as H. convergens is well known to be an effective predator of the aphids in alfalfa (Neuenschwander et al 1977), and the ladybird beetles are especially effective at low prey densities (Frazer and Gilbert 1976). We cannot tell how much of the change in beetle density was due to immigration of adults from3utside of the field.…”

Section: Albanymentioning

confidence: 90%

The Phenology and Distribution of Aphids in California Alfalfa as Modified by Ladybird Beetle Predation (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1980

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Can. Ent. 112: 489-495 (1980) The phenologies and distributions of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon $sum (Harris)), blue alfalfa aphid (A. kondoi (Shinji)), and spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata (Buckton)) were intensively studied in California alfalfa. The results showed, as expected, that aphid populations across all densities were aggregated; but that ladybird beetle (Hippodamia convergens (G.-M.)) predation increased the degree of aggregation. The distribution parameters of the aphids were estimated using methods developed by Iwao and Kuno (1971). The distribution and abundance of prey in the field greatly influence the success of predators and, via nutrition, their survival, growth, and reproduction. A knowledge of these relationships is essential if satisfactory field models of predator-prey interactions are to be developed. This paper is part of a series on the interactions of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), blue alfalfa aphid (A. kondoi (Shinji)), and spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata (Buckton)) and their ladybird beetle predator Hippodamia convergens (G.-M.) in alfalfa. In this paper we report an analysis of the phenology and distribution of these organisms, and use this information to estimate the influence of prey distribution on predation success of H. convergens in the field. Resume Methods Analysis of Prey Distribution in the FieldLloyd (1967) developed a method ("Patchiness" = x*/Z) which is affected little by changes in density, to measure the distributions of organisms & nature.Patchiness is defined as the ratio of mean crowding (X*) to the mean (X), where X* is defined asand S2 is the population variance. Values of x*/X less than, equal to, or greater than 1 indicate uniform, random, and aggregated distributions respectively. Iwag and Kuno (1971) showed that the slope (P) of the regression line of X* on X provided an equivalent measure of dispersion and, in addition, found that the intercept (a) was a measure of the units of that dispersion (i.e. a + 1).

show abstract

Section: Albanymentioning

confidence: 90%

The Phenology and Distribution of Aphids in California Alfalfa as Modified by Ladybird Beetle Predation (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1980

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…En cualquier caso, sean sus imagos o sus larvas (como veremos más adelante), son excelentes aliados de nuestros intereses en la Agricultura-Silvicultura. Para el lector interesado recomendamos Canard (2001: 118) que aporta una recopilación de diferentes presas mencionadas en la bibliografía, y citemos a Robinson, 1951;Zimmerman, 1957;New, 1975aNew, , 1975bNew, , 1980New, , 1984bNew, , 1986aNew, , 1988aNew, , 1989New, , 1999New, , 2001New, , 2002Neuenschwander et al, 1975;Muma et al, 1975;Miszczak & Niemczyk, 1978;Szabó & Szentkirályi, 1981;Principi, 1984;Peng, 1988;Brooks & Barnard, 1990;Wu, 1992;Welty, 1995;Shakarami, 1997;Dinter, 1998aDinter, , 1998bMcEwen et al, , 2001Stelzl & Devetak, 1999;Duelli, 2001;McEwen et al, 2001;Pantaleoni, 2001;Pantaleoni & Alma, 2001;Senior & McEwen, 2001;Szentkirályi, 2001aSzentkirályi, , 2001bSzentkirályi, , 2001cKhan et al, 2004;Miller et al, 2004;Khan & Fent, 2005;Pappas et al, 2008c…”

Section: Datos Generales Sobre Su Biología Comportamiento Estadios unclassified

“…El primer estadio exige tiempos de 2.3-12.0 días, el segundo de 2.1-14.7 días, y el tercero, generalmente más largo, de 2.3 a 16-33 días (Killington, 1936(Killington, , 1937Duelli, 1990; Canard, 1990;Canard & Volkovich, 2001;Monserrat & Díaz-Aranda, 2012). Citemos a Neuenschwander et al (1975), New (1984b), McEwen et al (1993aMcEwen et al ( , 1993b, Zheng et al (1993aZheng et al ( , 1993b o Legaspi et al (1994) quienes, entre muchos otros autores, aportan interesantes datos sobre el desarrollo larvario de diferentes especies en condiciones experimentales, quienes aportan una relación de tiempos en el desarrollo de diferentes especies anotados por diferentes autores en diferentes condiciones y Monserrat & Díaz-Aranda (2012) quienes anotan los tiempos de desarrollo larvario para algunas de nuestras especies (L 1 : 2-3, 3-4, 4,5-6, 6, 6-7, 7-8 días; L 2 : 2-3, 3-4, 5-12, 6, 6-7, 7-9, 7-10, 9-10, 9-13 días; L 3 : 2-3, 5, 5-6, 7-8, 7-10, 8-12, 10-20, 15, 15-18, 15-20 días, según especies). El mecanismo de las mudas es detallado por Smith (1921Smith ( , 1922a, Withycombe (1925), Principi (1940) o Spiegler (1962).…”

Section: (Ver Suarius Walsinghami)unclassified

“…), bien con aparición de imagos más primaverales o más estivales, y otras especies polivoltinas pueden adaptarse a ciclos monovoltinos en determinados medios montanos (ej. : algunas especies de Chrysopa o Chrysoperla), y lógicamente las elevadas altitudes y latitudes limitan sus poblaciones (Killington, 1929(Killington, , 1936(Killington, , 1937Zelený, 1971aZelený, , 1984aZelený, , 1984bNeuenschwander et al, 1975;Samson & Blood, 1979;Greve, 1984;Sagné & Canard, 1984;Canard, 1985Canard, , 1986aCanard, , 1997Duelli, 1986b;New, 1986aNew, , 1989Vannier, 1986Vannier, , 1987Vannier & Canard, 1989;Pantaleoni, 1990;Canard et al, 1992aCanard et al, , 1996Canard & Vannier, 1992;Duelli, 1992;Volkovich, 1998;Szentkirályi, 2001a;Horton et al, 2002;Penny et al, 2007, etc. ).…”

Section: (Ver Suarius Walsinghami)unclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Los crisópidos de la Península Ibérica y Baleares (Insecta, Neuropterida, Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Monserrat¹

2016

GRAELLSIA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMENSe revisan las especies de crisópidos presentes en la fauna de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares donde, hasta la fecha, están representadas por 50 especies pertenecientes a 13 géneros. Tras una diagnosis de la familia y citar algunos elementos sobre su historial paleontológico y su distribución, se aportan algunos datos generales sobre su morfología y su biología, sus estadios juveniles y comportamiento, y se comenta una breve introducción sobre la historia en el conocimiento de la familia, y en particular en la Península Ibérica y Baleares. Se anotan algunas correcciones en las fechas de publicación de algunos taxa que afectan a la taxonomía, y por ello se propone a Rexa almerai (Navás, 1919) n. comb. como sinónima anterior de Rexa lordina Navás, 1920 n. syn. Se incluye una lista de las especies pertenecientes a la fauna de la Península Ibérica y Baleares, una clave de identificación de los imagos de las subfamilias, géneros y especies citadas, y una clave de sus larvas a nivel genérico. De cada una de estas especies se recopilan y se anotan todas las referencias bibliográficas existentes desde 1972, relativas a las especies de la zona estudiada, tanto con la denominación actualmente aceptada, como de sus sinonimias y/o cualquier otra combinación nomenclatural bajo las cuales han sido citadas. También de cada una de las especies se anotan los datos conocidos y los ahora aportados (299 nuevos ejemplares de 25 especies) sobre su distribución general, aspectos de su morfología externa y/o genital, así como de su variabilidad, estadios juveniles, biología, fenología y distribución altitudinal y geográfica en la península y archipiélago balear, en base a un total de 20.667 ejemplares estudiados.http://lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAF40D47-BB5B-444B-9A3C-463BBB4F5382Palabras clave: Insecta; Neuroptera; Chrysopidae; Revisión; Taxonomía; Faunística; Morfología; Península Ibérica; Islas Baleares; España; Portugal. SUMMARY Green-lacewings (Insecta, Neuropterida, Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic IslandsThe present contribution reviews the green lacewing fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands where, to date, 50 species belonging to 13 genera are known to occur. After a diagnosis of the family Chrysopidae, its paleontological history and distribution, as well as some general data on its morphology and biology, juvenile stages and behavior are presented. This general information is followed by a brief history of studies on the family, and particularly those on the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Some corrections are reported for earlier publications dates that have undergone taxonomical changes. Thus, Rexa almerai (Navás, 1919) n. comb. is proposed as junior synonym of Rexa lordina Navás, 1920 n. syn.; and is included in the list of chrysopid species belonging to the fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. A key for identifying imagoes of the subfamilies, genera, and species recorded from the region and a generic level key for the larvae are presented. For th...

show abstract

“…Population dynamics of alfalfa aphids and their natural enemies have been studied by many researchers in Iran as well as in other countries (Grimm 1972;Wheeler 1974;Neuenschwander et al 1975;Summer 1976;Harper 1978;Gonzalez et al 1979;Aeschlimann 1981;Monajemi and Esmaili 1981;Takahashi and Natio 1984;Rasoulian 1985;Nakashima and Akashi 2005;Rakhshani et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal dynamics of: the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), its natural enemies the seven spotted lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus and variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze, and their parasitoid Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank)

Soleimani¹,

Madadi²

2015

Journal of Plant Protection Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Two important lady beetle species commonly found in alfalfa fields in Iran are the variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze and the seven spotted lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). These two species attack many aphid species including the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In this study, the seasonal population changes of A. pisum, H. variegata, C. septempunctata and the parasitoid, Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were studied in alfalfa fields in the 2012 and 2013 seasonal periods. The highest ladybird densities were noted on July 5, 2012 and on September 6, 2013 (17.2±2.8 and 13.4±1.6) individuals per 20 sweeps, respectively. Parasitism rates by D. coccinellae ranged from approximately 3 to 6% in two subsequent years, respectively. Parasitism was higher early in the growing season. Most parasitised ladybirds were females. There was no significant relationship between the temperature and relative humidity with pea aphid populations, although the aphid populations declined during the hot summer period. In contrast, the relationship between temperature and the H. variegata population was significant and positive in both years of the study. It has been shown that these lady beetle species have a major role in reducing the pea aphid populations in alfalfa fields. Due to the relatively low percentage of field parasitism by D. coccinellae, this parasite might not reduce the biocontrol efficiency of lady beetle species.

show abstract

Predation on aphids in California's alfalfa fields

Cited by 72 publications

References 57 publications

The Phenology and Distribution of Aphids in California Alfalfa as Modified by Ladybird Beetle Predation (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The Phenology and Distribution of Aphids in California Alfalfa as Modified by Ladybird Beetle Predation (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Los crisópidos de la Península Ibérica y Baleares (Insecta, Neuropterida, Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Seasonal dynamics of: the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), its natural enemies the seven spotted lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus and variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze, and their parasitoid Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About