Predation risk alters life history strategies in an oceanic copepod

Kvile, Kristina Øie; Altin, Dag; Thommesen, Lotte; Titelman, Josefin

doi:10.1002/ecy.3214

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Independently of treatment, lipid fullness increased during the development from C4 to early C5 and late C5, before it declined in C6. These results are consistent with previous observations 26,33 and illustrates that the C4s and C5s store lipids in preparation for either diapause or for the final molting into the reproductive C6 stage. In both early and late C5s, there was a pattern of downregulation of ß-oxidation genes with high food availability relative to low food, both with and without a predator cue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Here, we present basic physiological parameters (stage development, lipid fullness and estimated WE content) of the copepods sampled for RNA seq on days 2, 10 and 14. Data on stage development and lipid fullness from a larger pool of copepods from the same experiment are examined in more detail in our recent study 33 . At the termination of the experiment (day 24) 99% of the remaining copepods had reached the C6 stage.…”

Section: Stage Development and Lipid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 shows treatment combinations and timeline of the experiment). In a recent study by our group, predation risk led to faster development under high food conditions in C. finmarchicus, and the copepods molted into the adult stage (C6) without entering diapause 33 . From these and other previous observations 6,33,34 , we did not expect diapause induction to occur under laboratory conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a recent study by our group, predation risk led to faster development under high food conditions in C. finmarchicus, and the copepods molted into the adult stage (C6) without entering diapause 33 . From these and other previous observations 6,33,34 , we did not expect diapause induction to occur under laboratory conditions. However, as perceived predation risk may serve as a cue for diapause induction, we here also assessed whether the copepods in any of the treatments exhibited changes in gene expression consistent with preparation for diapause.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Through RNA sequencing, we assessed expression of genes related to lipid accumulation and catabolism and diapause in the different treatments (Table 1). In this molecular analysis we used a subset of the same copepods from our previous study 33 , from which we re-analyzed lipid content and stage progression data in order to specifically link these measurements with the gene expression results. This was done to provide broader physiological context for the molecular results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid metabolism in Calanus finmarchicus is sensitive to variations in predation risk and food availability

Skottene

Tarrant

Altin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Late developmental stages of the marine copepods in the genus Calanus can spend extended periods in a dormant stage (diapause) that is preceded by the accumulation of large lipid stores. We assessed how lipid metabolism during development from the C4 stage to adult is altered in response to predation risk and varying food availability, to ultimately understand more of the metabolic processes during development in Calanus copepods. We used RNA sequencing to assess if perceived predation risk in combination with varied food availability affects expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and diapause preparation in C. finmarchicus. The lipid metabolism response to predation risk differed depending on food availability, time and life stage. Predation risk caused upregulation of lipid catabolism with high food, and downregulation with low food. Under low food conditions, predation risk disrupted lipid accumulation. The copepods showed no clear signs of diapause preparation, supporting earlier observations of the importance of multiple environmental cues in inducing diapause in C. finmarchicus. This study demonstrates that lipid metabolism is a sensitive endpoint for the interacting environmental effects of predation pressure and food availability. As diapause may be controlled by lipid accumulation, our findings may contribute towards understanding processes that can ultimately influence diapause timing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Stage Development and Lipid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid metabolism in Calanus finmarchicus is sensitive to variations in predation risk and food availability

Skottene

Tarrant

Altin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Fear and loathing in the pelagic: How the seascape of fear impacts the biological carbon pump

Pinti

Visser

Serra-Pompei

et al. 2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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The biological carbon pump transports photosynthetically fixed carbon from surface waters to depths. It removes carbon from the atmosphere and sequesters it in the deep ocean, playing an important role in global climate regulation. As the biological carbon pump is directly related to biological processes, it is heavily influenced by the biomass and trophic interactions between populations in the ecosystem. However, behavioral responses and adaptations to predation risk change trophic interactions, potentially having larger impacts than direct effects on trophic interactions and population abundances. Thus, predation risk may play an important role in shaping the biological carbon pump's strength (how much carbon leaves the euphotic zone) and efficiency (what fraction of detritus reaches a certain depth without being degraded). Except in the case of active carbon transport by vertically migrating organisms, this role of risk is not generally recognized. Here, we synthesize the existing knowledge on the consequences of anti‐predation responses on the biological carbon pump. First, we consider a generic anti‐predation response and investigate the different direct, indirect, and cascading effects that the response can induce. Then, we focus on pelagic anti‐predation responses and detail how they can specifically alter the different components of the pump. Finally, we discuss points to consider in biological carbon pump studies and highlight directions for future research. In particular, there is a need for more quantitative research to evaluate the importance of anti‐predation responses in shaping the biological carbon pump.

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Low‐frequency noise affects development and movement patterns of a calanoid copepod

Tremblay,

Juma,

Herstoff

et al. 2024

Limnology & Oceanography

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Anthropogenic stressors are omnipresent in marine environments and interfere with organisms of all sizes, from large whales to small organisms. We investigated potential interactive multistressor effects of increased temperature with chronic low‐frequency sound on the development and movement patterns of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, a model species for small marine zooplankton. Copepods were reared while exposed to chronic low‐frequency sound around 15 and 22 dB re 1 μPa2 Hz−1 above control sound pressure levels at frequencies between 110 and 120 Hz, at 21°C (increased temperature) and 18°C (control temperature). For each sound and temperature scenario, we assessed after‐incubation development rate, stage distribution, and movement patterns. We found that fewer copepods reached the developmental stages copepodites IV to VI in low‐frequency sound conditions, even though warmer conditions increased developmental rate. By using high‐speed videography in both control and low‐frequency sound conditions, we observed that copepods showed more escape behaviors (drops) and fewer feeding‐associated behaviors (helical swimming) when exposed to low‐frequency sound (~ 42 dB higher than normal at 142 Hz). Copepods reared with added low‐frequency sound showed fewer feeding‐associated behaviors and did not reverse these trends despite the absence of added sound in their feeding environment. These significant behavioral changes suggest detrimental negative, life‐long, consequences for copepods exposed to low‐frequency sound.

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Predation risk alters life history strategies in an oceanic copepod

Cited by 12 publications

References 72 publications

Lipid metabolism in Calanus finmarchicus is sensitive to variations in predation risk and food availability

Lipid metabolism in Calanus finmarchicus is sensitive to variations in predation risk and food availability

Fear and loathing in the pelagic: How the seascape of fear impacts the biological carbon pump

Low‐frequency noise affects development and movement patterns of a calanoid copepod

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