Predator–prey relations between age-1+ summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus, Linnaeus) and age-0 winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Walbaum): predator diets, prey selection, and effects of sediments and macrophytes

Manderson, John P.; Phelan, Beth; Stoner, Allan W.; Hilbert, John G

doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00191-x

Cited by 87 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The more conspicuous English sole were also more likely to be attacked by the predators, as reflected by the number of strikes made on them. These results are similar to those of another study in which an average of 79% of attacks on juvenile winter flounder by Age-1 (271-345 mm TL) summer flounder occurred when the prey were visible on the surface, while an average of 33% occurred after the prey had been actively moving along the bottom (Manderson et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Relative predation vulnerability of three juvenile (Age-0) North Pacific flatfish species: possible influence of nursery-specific predation pressures

Lemke¹,

Ryer²

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Pleuronectid flatfish are generally thought to utilize stereotypical anti-predator behavior to reduce encounters with potential predators. In this study, we tested the relative vulnerability of 3 juvenile (Age-0) flatfish species to predation under controlled laboratory conditions. Predators consumed significantly more English sole Parophrys vetulus than either Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis or northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra in clear water (0 nephelometric turbidity units, NTU), suggesting differing anti-predator strategies and/or capabilities. In contrast to halibut and rock sole, which remained buried and inactive, English sole were often observed actively moving about. As a result, English sole were encountered more frequently by predators than the other 2 species, suggesting that they were more conspicuous to the predators. This was further evidenced by a higher frequency of stalk encounters for English sole, whereby the predators detected and approached them prior to prey flushing. However, as an estuarine-dependent species, English sole are generally exposed to lower densities of predators in an environment that tends to be highly turbid. When similar trials were conducted at higher turbidity (18 NTU), predation rates on English sole decreased to rates comparable to that for halibut and rock sole in clear water (0 NTU). Although English sole appeared more vulnerable to predation, their behavior may have evolved in response to, and be mitigated by, the turbid nature of the estuarine nursery environments to which they recruit, where predation pressure is significantly reduced in comparison to open coastal habitats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Relative predation vulnerability of three juvenile (Age-0) North Pacific flatfish species: possible influence of nursery-specific predation pressures

Lemke¹,

Ryer²

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…To date there have been few explicit tests of DDHS in marine fish species (juvenile pollock Pollachius virens, Rangley & Kramer 1998; juvenile cod Gadus morhua and G. ogac, Laurel et al 2004; gag Mycteroperca microlepsis, Lindberg et al 2006) despite the multitude of studies describing area-abundance relationships in marine environments (see Shepherd & Litvak 2004 for review). In flatfish, fine grained sand substrates are preferred over relatively coarser grained substrates (Stoner & Ottmar 2003), most likely because flatfish are more capable of burying in such habitats as a means of reducing predation (Ryer et al 2004; although see Manderson et al 2000) or finding food (Livingston 1987). The increased use of coarse grained habitats at higher densities suggests the fitness benefits of sand (e.g.…”

Section: Density-dependent Habitat Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density-dependent habitat selection in marine flatfish: the dynamic role of ontogeny and temperature

Laurel¹,

Stoner²,

Hurst³

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Changes in habitat use with increasing conspecific density are well-documented, but such patterns are likely to be dynamic over the lifespan of the organism and responsive to changes in the environment. In the laboratory, we examined how habitat selection was mediated by ontogeny (6, 8 and 12 mo) and temperature (4 and 9°C) in 2 juvenile, marine flatfish species: Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis and northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra. In a set of initial trials at 9°C, groups of same-aged juvenile flatfish (6, 8 or 12 mo) of either halibut or rock sole were given the choice of 2 habitats -fine sand (preferred) and coarse gravel (unpreferred) -at 1 of 6 densities (0.4 to 12.2 fish m -2 ). A second set of trials was conducted at 4°C using 8 mo juvenile fish of both species over the same range of densities. At 9°C, density-dependent habitat selection was observed among all treatment groups. As juveniles increased in age in the 9°C treatments, both species began occupying the less-preferred gravel habitat at lower densities. However, at 4°C, density-dependent habitat selection varied between species. Sand habitat supported higher densities of juvenile Pacific halibut at 4°C whereas no change was observed in northern rock sole. Juvenile Pacific halibut activity was also lower than rock sole at 4°C, suggesting that competitive interactions (e.g. interference, territoriality etc.) and/or physiological demands of halibut is sufficiently reduced at this temperature to increase the carrying capacity of the preferred habitat. Together, these results indicate that temperature, ontogeny and density interact to yield unique habitat selection patterns in fish, mechanisms that may be important in area-abundance relationships.KEY WORDS: Density-dependence · Habitat selection · Carrying capacity · Pacific halibut · Northern rock sole Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Mortality is a standard component of traditional population and fishery models, and numerous field (Wilson et al 1987, Barbeau et al 1994, Heck & Coen 1995, Lipcius et al 1998, Nemeth 1998, Rooker et al 1998, Stoner & Glazer 1998, Irlandi et al 1999, Paperno et al 2000 and laboratory (Tupper & Boutilier 1995, 1997, Lindholm et al 1999, Ray-Culp et al 1999, Manderson et al 2000 experiments have demonstrated the importance of different habitat types and/or habitat complexity for the survival of fishery species. While variation in mortality within habitat types has rarely been considered as a component of habitat or distribution models, recent investigations show that survival of various economically significant invertebrates in seagrass meadows varies with habitat location, patch size, and the types and abundance of predators foraging in specific locations (Peterson 1986, Bologna & Heck 1999, Hovel & Lipcius 2001, Peterson et al 2001.…”

Section: Habitat Form Vs Habitat Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What constitutes essential nursery habitat for a marine species? A case study of habitat form and function for queen conch

Stoner¹

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Predator–prey relations between age-1+ summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus, Linnaeus) and age-0 winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Walbaum): predator diets, prey selection, and effects of sediments and macrophytes

Cited by 87 publications

References 53 publications

Relative predation vulnerability of three juvenile (Age-0) North Pacific flatfish species: possible influence of nursery-specific predation pressures

Relative predation vulnerability of three juvenile (Age-0) North Pacific flatfish species: possible influence of nursery-specific predation pressures

Density-dependent habitat selection in marine flatfish: the dynamic role of ontogeny and temperature

What constitutes essential nursery habitat for a marine species? A case study of habitat form and function for queen conch

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