Predesign Cost Estimation of a Potential Wastewater Treatment Plant for Jordan Petroleum Refinery-Electrocoagulation

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether simulated Jordan refinery wastewater can be treated through electrocoagulation (EC) to conform to the most stringent Jordanian norms for reusing this wastewater for irrigation of cut flowers and to perform cost analysis for a treatment plant whose core are the EC reactors. The method used for estimating the fixed (capital) costs of the treatment plant is taken from literature and is based on a study estimate (factored estimate) that depends on the knowledge of major items of equipment. Most of the operating costs are estimated based on percentages which are also taken from literature. The best percentage removal of COD, BOD, TSS, fat, oil& grease (FOG), bicarbonate (HCO3 − ), and phenol from simulated Jordan refinery wastewater so that

Scientific analysis of cut flowers: a review of the main technical issues developed

“…On the other hand, integrated crop management initiatives, such as the use of biomasses obtained as bioadsorbents for antibiotics or lead ions in water, have been developed (Sabri et al, 2021), as well as the application of green manures to maintain or improve the productive capacity of soils, in order to discourage the use of animal manures and chemical compounds , can generate a higher level of crop sustainability. However, an adequate management of water resources, through the use of wastewater and industrial water, is an alternative for crop irrigation, since through treatment processes such as electrocoagulation, it can be used as a source of water for irrigation (Sakhel and Geissen, 2022), or the use of soil substrates with absorption capacity such as coconut fiber, can help to make a sustainable use of wastewater under the acceptable ranges for the products (Nirit et al, 2006). Beyond economics and the environment, equity or social responsibility is one of the main bases of sustainability, so it is important to develop school models of learning skills for organic agriculture, as well as policy proposals on social responsibility of producers in developing countries (Rasi et al, 2022).…”