Predication of soil pH using HSI colour image processing and regression over Guwahati, Assam, India

Abstract

Soil is known to be the most valuable natural source for all agriculture fields. Soil has two properties, namely-physical and chemical. These properties include soil moisture, texture, etc. and the latter include pH value. Soil texture plays an important role in crop cultivation. The physical properties of soil such as texture and granular size determine the water and nutrient holding capacity. Also the chemical property like pH value is very important for plant growth and development. Soil having pH value between 5.5 and 7 is optimal for agricultural purpose. Hence, a detailed study of soil pH property is necessary for cultivation. But laboratory method of soil pH calculation is a very costly and tedious process. Therefore, it is essential to develop an expert-based system that will overcome this issue. However, the system must be able to give correct result and should match with those conducted in laboratory. Farmers analyze pH either in lab or by soil pH card based on soil image color. But this is not an effective method since it relies heavily on human perception. Hence, we have developed an expert based system which can determine the pH of the soil without any human error. For this, we have conducted our experiments with the help of MatLab tool and smart phone as we have concerned about the rural farmers. We have analyzed and compared the proposed system results with the traditional laboratory methods with regression and have found 86 % accuracy in our model.

Soil Texture Distribution for East Wasit Province, Iraq

“…The texture of the soil is sand, silt and clay. The permeability of the soil is the property of the soil whose pores allow the passage of water through it, while the soil moisture is the capacity of the soil to hold water [1]. Therefore, the correct interpretation of soil properties and their correct management is essential not to cause soil degradation [2].…”

“…This is directly related to soil texture and corrosion. Knowledge of soil texture has a direct role in planting [21], selecting suitable crops, estimating sufficient water quantity and irrigation periods for each soil texture [1,6]. Standard deviation can also be used as a further test to indicate the degree of sorting of the soil sample or the particle size distribution [7].…”

“…According to their size, these metal particles are divided. Two global systems control soil classification, the International Society for Soil Science System (ISSS) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and( FAO/USDA) and the size of particles for soil classification [9] as follows table (1). Soils are divided into classes of sand and clay (coarse and fine-grained) that make up the soil.…”

Rapid and inexpensive assessment of soil total iron using Nix Pro color sensor

“…Measurement of soil colors using the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) L*a*b (L, perceptual lightness, a, greenness to redness, b, blueness to yellowness), RGB (red, green, and blue), and CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, key plate or black) system or color spaces have allowed soil scientists to develop prediction models to correlate soil color with spectrochemical properties like soil pH, organic matter, heavy metal(loid)s, nitrogen, and potassium (Barman et al., 2018; Kshirsagar et al., 2018; Melville & Atkinson, 1985; Viscarra Rossel et al., 2009). To that end, iron (Fe) mineralogy is strongly related to soil color.…”

Convolutional Neural Network approach for the prediction of Soil texture properties

“…Soil is the most essential aspect that determines the agriculture and cropping patterns. There are different types of soil which can be used for various types of cultivation and hence, predicting the texture of the soil is one of the main criteria https://www.indjst.org/ in agriculture production (1) . Soil texture is one of the most important physical soil properties which allows water retention capacity, soil density, availability of nutrient and reaction of soil.…”