Predicting the biological behavior of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: from histology to molecular taxonomy

Extranodal extension of nodal metastasis is the main prognostic moderator in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

“…If it will be possible to predict ENE before surgery, even NCR could be adapted to this patient group. For example, for bladder cancer Smith and colleagues have developed a 20-gene panel able to stratify patients into low or high risk of nodal metastases (19,20). Notably, a recent work has suggested the molecular marker PIM-1 is a significant predictor for nodal metastasis in EC (21).…”