Predicting VOC emissions from materials in vehicle cabins: Determination of the key parameters and the influence of environmental factors

Yang, Tao; Zhang, Pianpian; Xu, Baoping; Xiong, Jianyin

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.03.049

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Furthermore, the IEC directly determine the actual behaviors of HCHO emission, and there is a coupling relationship between the IEC and PC 27,31 . Both the IEC and DC raise with increasing temperature, while the IEC raises but the DC decreases with increasing relative humidity 26,27 . According to the material structural parameters, the HCHO properties and the environmental conditions, some theoretical prediction models have been developed to determine DC 32,33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, except time, the HCHO steady state can be influenced by other factors including indoor temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and cabin ventilation, and these factors may simultaneously affect the HCHO emission, which make that the physical mechanism analysis of HCHO emission is complex 20 . Moreover, the HCHO emission process of indoor materials is characterized by three key parameters including diffusion coefficient (DC), partition coefficient (PC) and initial emission concentration (IEC) [26][27][28][29][30] . For a certain value of the IEC or DC, the relative sensitivity coefficient decays rapidly over time and tends to a small value when the emission time is long enough 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the HCHO emission process of indoor materials is characterized by three key parameters including diffusion coefficient (DC), partition coefficient (PC) and initial emission concentration (IEC) [26][27][28][29][30] . For a certain value of the IEC or DC, the relative sensitivity coefficient decays rapidly over time and tends to a small value when the emission time is long enough 26 . Furthermore, the IEC directly determine the actual behaviors of HCHO emission, and there is a coupling relationship between the IEC and PC 27,31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Indoor air formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution of urban coach cabins

Qin

Guo

Zhou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Urban coach cabin is an important indoor environment for long journey, formaldehyde (HcHo) is a carcinogenic gas and damages indoor air quality of cabins. in order to control the HcHo pollution, the air samples inside cabins were analysed with a thermally desorbed gas chromatograph, and the HcHo diffusion was simulated with a methodology of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results show that through the experimental monitoring, the HCHO pollution level range from 33.6 to 142.3 μg/m 3 , decrease quickly with time, and the attenuation trendline is univariate cubic equation. through the cfD simulation, the indoor temperature and HcHo level of cabin front and rear ends are higher than ones of other areas for the insufficient air supply and the unreasonable arrangement of air exhaust outlet. Moreover, through the cfD simulation, the HcHo level decreases with height growth of breathing zone and increasing air supply speed, and fresh air lead to diffusion of HCHO pollution from cabin seat area to the surrounding area. through the cfD simulation, the HcHo pollution under the wind speeds of 3~5 m/s is higher than the HCHO limit level from indoor air standard of China vehicles, which shows that the HcHo emission of cabin seat has an important impact on airborne HcHo pollution inside vehicle cabins. According to the year 2017 statistic bulletin of traffic industry development from the Transportation Ministry of China, the total of urban vehicles was 3.1 × 10 8 and the annual capacity of passengers transported by the vehicles was 7.2 × 10 11. For people often go working, shopping, traveling, school, home and lengthy commutes by driving or taking a vehicle such as a car, taxi, bus or coach, vehicle cabins have been recognized as important indoor environment, which result into indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort of vehicle cabins to be a hot research 1-8. However, vehicle cabins have presented airborne formaldehyde (HCHO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution, which damage vehicle IAQ 9-15. For example, more than 260 VOCs 16 were detected in the vehicle cabins and the maximum level of total VOCs was 6.90 mg/m 3. Moreover, the HCHO pollution was relatively abundant in the coach cabins, and the HCHO highest level of 0.16 mg/m 3 was observed on the 15th day after coming off the assembly line 11. Except to pollute vehicle IAQ, the HCHO and VOCs pollution lead to the unacceptable health risks to passengers and drivers 17-19. In order to decrease the health risks, China government promulgated the hygienic standard for air quality inside long distance coach (GB/T 17729-2009) and the guideline for air quality assessment of passenger car (GB/T 27630-2011), with the HCHO limit levels of 0.12 and 0.10 mg/m 3 respectively. However, the average/maximal HCHO levels in car cabins were 132.0/251.6 μg/m 3 , which were 1.10/2.10 and 1.32/2.52 times more than the HCHO limit levels of IAQ standards on China coaches (GB/T 17729-2009) and passenger cars (GB/T 27630-2011) respectively 20. The HCHO average level in taxi cabins wa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Indoor air formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution of urban coach cabins

Qin

Guo

Zhou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…79 Environmental factors also inuence the emission rate. 80 Without this information, time trends in apparent consumption and in-use stocks have to be viewed as worst case situations, i.e. constant emissions proportional to initial chemical content are assumed.…”

Section: Major Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the consumption of chemical products and articles as proxies for diffuse emissions to the environment

Bolinius

Sobek

Löf

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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In this study we have evaluated the use of consumption of manufactured products (chemical products and articles) in the EU as proxies for diffuse emissions of chemicals to the environment. The content of chemical products is relatively well known. However, the content of articles (products defined by their shape rather than their composition) is less known and currently has to be estimated from chemicals that are known to occur in a small set of materials, such as plastics, that are part of the articles. Using trade and production data from Eurostat in combination with product composition data from a database on chemical content in materials (the Commodity Guide), we were able to calculate trends in the apparent consumption and in-use stocks for 768 chemicals in the EU for the period 2003-2016. The results showed that changes in the apparent consumption of these chemicals over time are smaller than in the consumption of corresponding products in which the chemicals are present. In general, our results suggest that little change in chemical consumption has occurred over the timespan studied, partly due to the financial crisis in 2008 which led to a sudden drop in the consumption, and partly due to the fact that each of the chemicals studied is present in a wide variety of products. Estimated in-use stocks of chemicals show an increasing trend over time, indicating that the mass of chemicals in articles in the EU, that could potentially be released to the environment, is increasing. The quantitative results from this study are associated with large uncertainties due to limitations of the available data. These limitations are highlighted in this study and further underline the current lack of transparency on chemicals in articles. Recommendations on how to address these limitations are also discussed.

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“…Further investigations have shown the influence of temperature on VOC emissions. Several studies have shown that as the temperature increases in the cabin of automobiles, so do the levels of VOCs [4, [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voc and particle concentrations in new and old model automobiles

Dotherow¹,

Martin²,

Adhikari³

2019

Int. J. TDI

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicle dashboards, panelling and interior components are one of the primary contributors to poor automobile air quality. Exposure to VOCs can result in symptoms such as headaches and fatigue which can lead to unsafe driving. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the VOC and airborne particle concentration levels between new model (<10 years old, N = 6) and old model (>10 years old, N = 4) automobiles. VOC and particle measurements were conducted at the beginning of business operations and then again four hours later to assess the impact of temperature on material emissions of VOCs. Morning VOC measurements in new and old model automobiles ranged from

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Predicting VOC emissions from materials in vehicle cabins: Determination of the key parameters and the influence of environmental factors

Cited by 58 publications

References 38 publications

Indoor air formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution of urban coach cabins

Indoor air formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution of urban coach cabins

Evaluating the consumption of chemical products and articles as proxies for diffuse emissions to the environment

Voc and particle concentrations in new and old model automobiles

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