Prediction as memory retrieval: timing and mechanisms

Chow, Wing-Yee; Momma, Shota; Smith, Cybelle; Lau, Ellen; Phillips, Colin

doi:10.1080/23273798.2016.1160135

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In a recent paper, we discussed different cognitive mechanisms that may be involved in verb prediction and discussed why argument role information may not have an immediate impact (Chow, Momma, Smith, Lau, & Phillips, 2016). We conceptualized the process of verb prediction as a memory retrieval problem, in which comprehenders use information about the event participants to query their event knowledge in long-term memory in order to predictively identify which events are most likely to be described by the sentence.…”

Section: Prediction In the Processing Of Thematic Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we briefly consider three different ways in which the impact of argument role information on the process of retrieving likely events from memory may be delayed. For a more detailed discussion, see Chow, Momma, et al (2016).…”

Section: Towards An Explicit Model Of Predictive Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Chow, Momma, et al (2016), we discussed the possibility that using argument role information for verb prediction might involve an indirect mechanism, in which arguments (or event participants) are initially used to retrieve events (and the verbs associated with those events), irrespective of their roles (e.g., both serving and tipping events are likely to involve customers and waitresses as participants), and that the set of candidate verbs is then evaluated to pick out those that match the specific roles of the arguments (e.g., a tipping event is likely given the customer-as-agent and waitress-as-patient cues but a serving event is not). Further research will be needed to investigate how event knowledge is encoded in long-term memory and the way(s) in which such stored representations may be accessed during language comprehension.…”

Section: Towards An Explicit Model Of Predictive Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wait a second! delayed impact of argument roles on on-line verb prediction

Chow

Lau

Wang

et al. 2018

Language, Cognition and Neuroscience

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Comprehenders can use rich contextual information to anticipate upcoming input on the fly, but recent findings suggest that salient information about argument roles may not impact verb prediction. We took advantage of the word order properties of Mandarin Chinese to examine the time course with which argument role information impacts verb prediction. We isolated the contribution of argument role information by manipulating the order of pre-verbal noun phrase arguments while holding lexical information constant, and we examined its effects on accessing the verb in long-term semantic memory by measuring the amplitude of the N400 component.Experiment 1 showed when the verb appeared immediately after its arguments, even strongly constraining argument role information failed to modulate the N400 response to the verb. An N400 effect emerged in Experiment 2 when the verb appeared at a greater delay. Experiment 3 corroborated the contrast between the first two experiments through a within-participants manipulation of the time interval between the arguments and the verb, by varying the position of an adverbial phrase. These results suggest time is a key factor governing how diverse contextual information contributes to predictions. Here argument role information is shown to impact verb prediction, but its effect is not immediate.3

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Section: Prediction In the Processing Of Thematic Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Towards An Explicit Model Of Predictive Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Towards An Explicit Model Of Predictive Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wait a second! delayed impact of argument roles on on-line verb prediction

Chow

Lau

Wang

et al. 2018

Language, Cognition and Neuroscience

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“…In particular, it may entail a re-conceptualization of predictive processing. As has been recently argued (Chow, Momma, Smith, Lau & Phillips, 2016), predictive processing may involve cue-based memory retrieval. Based on nouns and other cues encountered, candidates for upcoming input are retrieved from long-term memory.…”

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confidence: 76%

Susceptibility to interference: underlying mechanisms, and implications for prediction

Kaan

2016

Bilingualism

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Over the years, models proposed for second-language (L2) processing have been remarkably parallel to those proposed for Broca's aphasia. Differences between agrammatic and unaffected language processing have been explained, e.g., in terms of lack of detailed syntactic structure building (Grodzinsky, 1995), resource deficits (Haarman, Just & Carpenter, 1997), slow syntactic processing (Burkhardt, Avrutin, Piñango & Ruigendijk, 2008), or slowed lexical access (Love, Swinney, Walenski & Zurif, 2008). Each of these approaches have their homolog in L2 processing (e.g., Clahsen & Felser, 2006; McDonald, 2006; Dekydtspotter, Schwartz & Sprouse, 2006; Hopp, 2013, respectively). It is therefore not surprising that Cunnings's proposal (Cunnings, 2016) parallels another idea in aphasia and aging research, namely that deviations from healthy young adult monolingual sentence processing can be attributed to an increased susceptibility to interference (e.g., Sheppard, Walenski, Love & Shapiro, 2015).

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“…A possible candidate for such neural persistence is the sustained anterior negativity (e.g., Kluender & Kutas, 1993; Lau, 2018; Lau & Liao, 2017; Phillips et al, 2005). During this sustaining process, knowledge from long‐term memory could be retrieved to narrow down and re‐weight the saliency of predictions, known as the notion of “prediction as memory retrieval” (Chow, Momma, Smith, Lau, & Phillips, 2016). The third stage is comparing the current input with the predictions; such comparison relies on the decodability of neural activities (e.g., de Lange, Heilbron, & Kok, 2018), making it possible to compare “new” percepts with the “old” predictions which are maintained.…”

Section: A Three‐stage Cycling Model In Language Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The three second time window in poems and language processing in general: Complementarity of discrete timing and temporal continuity

Bao

2020

PsyCh Journal

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The existence of discrete time windows has triggered the search for permanence and continuity for artists (including poets) in multiple cultures throughout history. In this article, we argue that there exists a 3‐s window in the temporal structure of poems as well as in the aesthetic appreciation of poetry by reviewing previous literature on the temporal aspects of poems. This 3‐s window can also be considered to be a general temporal machinery underlying human behavior, including language production and perception in general. The reafference principle has provided us a unique frame for understanding cognitive processes. However, “time” was absent in the original two‐stage reafference principle. Therefore, we propose a three‐stage cycling model of language perception, taking into account time and time windows. We also inspect the possible neural implementations of the three stages: the generation, maintenance, and comparison of predictions (as well as the integration of predictions into the representational context). These three stages are embedded in a temporal window of ~3 s and are repeated in a cycling mode, resulting in the representational context being continuously updated. Thus, it is possible that “semantics” could be carried forward across different time windows, being a “glue” linking the discrete time windows and thus achieving the subjective feeling of temporal continuity. Candidates of such “semantic glue” could include semantic and syntactic structures as well as identity and emotion.

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Prediction as memory retrieval: timing and mechanisms

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Wait a second! delayed impact of argument roles on on-line verb prediction

Wait a second! delayed impact of argument roles on on-line verb prediction

Susceptibility to interference: underlying mechanisms, and implications for prediction

The three second time window in poems and language processing in general: Complementarity of discrete timing and temporal continuity

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