Prediction of long-term chloride diffusion in silica fume concrete in a marine environment

Farahani, Atiye; Taghaddos, Hosein; Shekarchi, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.03.006

Cited by 179 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…These models range from simple, empirical models based on Fick's 2 nd law to determine the propagation of chloride within concrete [4][5][6] to more complex, physically-based models using the flux-balance system of equations. Regarding the latter, the ClinConc model [7,8] focusses on the mechanisms occurring within the concrete, namely diffusion and chemical interactions; the STADIUM ® model [9], which is a multi-ionic transport model and, in addition to diffusion and chemical interactions, considers electrical coupling of ions in the pore solution.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride ingress into marine exposed concrete: A comparison of empirical- and physically- based models

Kim

McCarter

Suryanto

et al. 2016

Cement and Concrete Composites

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractIn establishing the reliability of performance-related design methods for concrete -which are relevant for resistance against chloride-induced corrosion -long-term experience of local materials and practices and detailed knowledge of the ambient and local micro-climate are critical. Furthermore, in the development of analytical models for performance-based design, calibration against test data representative of actual conditions in practice is required. To this end, the current study presents results from full-scale, concrete pier-stems under long-term exposure to a marine environment with work focussing on XS2 (below mid-tide level) in which the concrete is regarded as fully saturated and XS3 (tidal, splash and spray) in which the concrete is in an unsaturated condition. These exposures represent zones where concrete structures are most susceptible to ionic ingress and deterioration. Chloride profiles and chloride transport behaviour are studied using both an empirical model (erfc function) and a physical model (ClinConc). The time dependency of surface chloride concentration (C s ) and apparent diffusivity (D a ) were established for the empirical model whereas, in the ClinConc model (originally based on saturated concrete), two new environmental factors were introduced for the XS3 environmental exposure zone. Although the XS3 is considered as one environmental exposure zone according to BS EN 206-1:2013, the work has highlighted that even within this zone, significant changes in chloride ingress are evident. This study aims to update the parameters of both models for predicting the long term transport behaviour of concrete subjected to environmental exposure classes XS2 and XS3.Keywords: concrete, full-scale testing, marine environment, modelling, durability, IntroductionThe most predominant process associated with reinforced concrete deterioration is the ingress of water contaminated with chloride either from deicing salt used for snow and ice control on roads for winter maintenance purposes or from the marine environment where, for example, bridges span tidal estuaries. Because the use of deicing salt is likely to continue for the foreseeable future, and concrete structures will always be placed in, or near, the marine environment, little can be done to prevent structures from being exposed to chloride salts.The premature deterioration of concrete structures due to chloride ingress and subsequent corrosion of the steel reinforcement is a world-wide problem and imparts a significant drain...

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Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride ingress into marine exposed concrete: A comparison of empirical- and physically- based models

Kim

McCarter

Suryanto

et al. 2016

Cement and Concrete Composites

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“…The contents of silica fume silica fume studied were 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% by weight of cement. The results obtained showed that a lower water to binder ratio with a higher silica fume replacement (until about 10%) reduced the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete in a marine environment [67]. In addition to this, it was noted that the chloride diffusivity increased with temperature for concrete specimens in the tidal zone of marine environments [67].…”

Section: Present and Future Of Caisson Breakwaters Technology: An Impmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Regarding the addition of silica fume, in a recent work carried out by Farahani et al [67], concrete specimens were placed in a tidal zone located in Bandar Abbas in the south of Iran, for periods of 3, 9, 36 and 60 consecutive months. The contents of silica fume silica fume studied were 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% by weight of cement.…”

Section: Present and Future Of Caisson Breakwaters Technology: An Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Julius Caesar to Sustainable Composite Materials: A Passage through Port Caisson Technology

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The breakwater construction technique using floating concrete caissons is well-known nowadays as a widespread system. Yet do we really know its origin? Since Julius Caesar used this technology in Brindisi (Italy) up to the Normandy landings in June 1944, not only has this technology been developed, but it has been a key item in several moments in history. Its development has almost always been driven by military requirements. The greatest changes have not been conceptual but point occurring, backed by the materials used. Parallelisms can be clearly seen in each new stage: timber, opus caementitium (Roman concrete), iron and concrete . . . However, nowadays, achieving a more sustainable world constitutes a major challenge, to which the construction of caissons breakwaters must contribute as a field of application of new eco-friendly materials. This research work provides a general overview from the origins of caissons until our time. It will make better known the changes that took place in the system and their adaptation to new materials, and will help in clarifying the future in developing technology towards composite sustainable materials and special concrete. If we understand the past, it will be easier to define the future.

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“…Saojeng y Weiting (2013), afirman que al utilizar SF como reemplazo del cemento se reduce la permeabilidad del concreto y la probabilidad de corrosión del acero de refuerzo, particularmente en presencia de cloruros (Khan y Siddique, 2011). Para alcanzar altas resistencias a compresión y bajos coeficientes de difusión de cloruros se sugiere el uso de porcentajes entre 5% y 10% de la masa del cemento (Zhang y Ba, 2013;Shekarchi et al, 2009;Farahani et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Técnicas aceleradas para evaluar la susceptibilidad a corrosión de aceros embebidos en morteros con adiciones minerales expuestos a cloruros

2015

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Prediction of long-term chloride diffusion in silica fume concrete in a marine environment

Cited by 179 publications

References 18 publications

Chloride ingress into marine exposed concrete: A comparison of empirical- and physically- based models

Chloride ingress into marine exposed concrete: A comparison of empirical- and physically- based models

From Julius Caesar to Sustainable Composite Materials: A Passage through Port Caisson Technology

Técnicas aceleradas para evaluar la susceptibilidad a corrosión de aceros embebidos en morteros con adiciones minerales expuestos a cloruros

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