Prediction of rocket plume flowfields for infrared signature studies

Free underexpanded jets in a quiescent medium: A review

“…The earlier works start to deal with simplified computations, such as the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations [27,148,175,112,37,215,222] or the thin-layer approximation [223]. Then, one may find some papers dealing with the Euler equations [138,111,147,75,36,214,17,81,115,82,20,119,219,14,120,23,[262][263][264][265][266]177]. Most often, they are based on finite difference schemes [147,36,214,115,82,14,264,265,177] even if now new ones used the finite volume method [138,75,81,20,263,120,23] or even the finite element method [111].…”

Investigation of Supersonic Free Jets Emanating from Convergent - Divergent Nozzles

“…The numerical so lu tio n of un stead y Euler equations to obtain flow field of underexpanded two-dimensional free jets was carried out by Sinha et al (7) using finite difference method . Dash et al [8] have made extensive numerical studies of underexpanded jets. Zeeuw and Powell [9) have made Euler calculation of axisymmetric underexpanded jets by an ada ptive-refined method.…”

<title>UV missile-plume signature model</title>

“…In fact, the plume afterburning process is similar to the combustion occurring in a classical turbulent diffusion flame, except it takes place in a complex multiphase flow. 5 The particles thermal emission is calculated with the Mie theory, by using four assumptions. First, the particles sizes distribution is supposed to be log-normal .…”

“…First, the plume aerothermochemical properties are obtained by solving flowfield equations. [5][6][7] Then, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is integrated to obtain radiance map or angular dependence of the plume's intensity. Most of the solid propellant rockets contain aluminum particles added to the fuel in order to achieve high specific impulse, and which produce alumina particles in the micron sizes in the plume.…”