Predictive energy management strategy for battery energy storage considering battery degradation cost

Abstract

This study proposes a novel predictive energy management strategy to integrate the battery energy storage (BES) degradation cost into the BES scheduling problem and address the uncertainty in the energy management problem. As the first step, the factors affecting the BES calendar aging and cycle aging are linearly modelled. Furthermore, a linear algorithm is provided to calculate the BES cycle aging due to the BES complete and incomplete cycles. Subsequently, a novel approach to estimating the BES degradation cost function according to the BES specifications and degradation process is presented. Finally, taking into account the BES degradation cost model, the proposed predictive energy management strategy framework is implemented on an integrated photovoltaic and BES system to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed scheme in integrating the BES degradation cost in the energy management problem. The numerical simulation results indicate that integrating the BES degradation cost into the energy management problem significantly affects the BES charge/discharge strategy. Moreover, comparing the proposed predictive energy management strategy with a simple one, it is verified that the provided approach could decrease the BES capacity fade and degradation cost by 5.06% and 4.67%, respectively, and increase the photovoltaic farm profit by 1.10%.

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“…Furthermore, distributed generations (DG) can reserve CES capacity to improve reliability and energy storage costs [1,6]. CES can be utilized in transmission and distribution systems to improve their reliability and even in MGs to provide more reliable and cost-effective power to their endusers [5,10,12,[24][25][26][27]. The presence of RESs in MGs brings about uncertainties, and CES can resolve this complication [14].…”

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“…This degradation translates into shorter operational lifespans for energy storage systems, requiring more frequent replacements or refurbishments, which escalates operational costs. Moreover, decreased storage capacity limits the amount of renewable energy that can be stored, affecting the system's ability to provide consistent power during peak demand or when renewable sources are not actively generating energy [10]. This fluctuation in storage capacity due to degradation can create challenges in maintaining a stable and reliable power supply from renewable sources, impacting grid stability and the integration of renewable energy into the electrical grid.…”