Predictive Factors for Submandibular Gland Involvement in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma—a Prospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center

Basha, Saleem Shaik; Nayak, Vikash; Goel, Ashish; Panda, Sangram Keshari; Sharma, Tapasvini Pradhan; Pande, Pankaj; Kumar, Kapil

doi:10.1007/s13193-021-01414-5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The presence of PNI is a known adverse prognostic factor in non‐cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 3–6 . In OCSCC, other notable, independent prognostic factors include nodal metastases, depth of tumor invasion, tumor resection margin status, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular extension, and poor tumor differentiation 19,20 . Although extracapsular extension and positive margins are well‐established major factors that guide the use of adjuvant therapies, the role of minor factors such as perineural invasion is still evolving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6] In OCSCC, other notable, independent prognostic factors include nodal metastases, depth of tumor invasion, tumor resection margin status, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular extension, and poor tumor differentiation. 19,20 Although extracapsular extension and positive margins are well-established major factors that guide the use of adjuvant therapies, the role of minor factors such as perineural invasion is still evolving. In recent years, there have been several studies that have examined the role of PNI subcategorization in OCSCC to improve the prognostic resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subcategorization of Perineural Invasion Stratifies Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis

Fung,

Fleseriu,

Harley

et al. 2023

The Laryngoscope

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ObjectiveTo evaluate whether subcategorization of perineural invasion (PNI) improves the prognostic resolution of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, Eighth Edition (AJCC8) staging system in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).MethodsOCSCC tumor specimens from patients seen at a tertiary care institution who underwent primary surgical resection between January 2019 and June 2021 were sorted into four PNI categories: negative, intratumoral, peripheral, and extratumoral. The prognostic effect of these PNI categories were assessed through Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression, and log‐rank testing using recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) as primary and secondary outcomes respectively.ResultsA total of 158 patients were examined. The median follow‐up time was 21 months. PNI subcategorization further stratified RFS (p = 0.007) and OS (p = 0.002). Extratumoral PNI was associated with a 4.5‐fold increase in recurrence risk (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR]: 4.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–18.66) and worse OS when compared with PNI negative disease (aHR: 5.71; 95% CI: 1.0–32.67). Peripheral PNI was associated with worse OS (aHR: 5.7; 95% CI: 1.35–24.08) but not worse RFS (p = 0.18) when compared with PNI negative disease. Interestingly, intratumoral PNI was not associated with significant differences in RFS (p = 0.087) or OS (p = 0.22) when compared with PNI negative disease.ConclusionsSubcategorization of OCSCC tumors into extratumoral, peripheral, and intratumoral PNI stratifies RFS and OS when compared with patients with PNI negative disease in an incremental fashion. This pilot study suggests that there may be added benefit in subcategorization of PNI in the prognostic evaluation of OCSCC.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcategorization of Perineural Invasion Stratifies Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis

Fung,

Fleseriu,

Harley

et al. 2023

The Laryngoscope

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Submandibular gland transfer into the temporal fossa in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A viable option to prevent radiation-induced xerostomia

Nguyen,

Quilhot,

Brochériou

et al. 2025

Oral Oncology

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Submandibular Gland-Sparing Technique Versus En-Bloc Level IB Dissection in Oral Cavity Cancers with N0 Neck Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Vetrivel,

Moideen,

Jat

et al. 2024

Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery

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Importance Metastases to the submandibular gland (SMG) from oral cavity primaries are very rare. Hence, a gland-preserving level IB dissection technique is a feasible option without compromising the lymph node yield (LNY). Objective To assess the feasibility and noninferiority of the SMG-preserving dissection technique to the conventional en bloc removal of level IB in terms of LNY in patients with cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing elective neck dissection. Design Parallel-design, single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Setting Tertiary care health care center—Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, AIIMS Rishikesh. Participants Thirty-eight (n = 38) participants with 46 (n = 46) neck dissection specimens of OSCC were randomly allocated (1:1) into gland-preserving (n1 = 23) and en bloc (n2 = 23) dissection groups. Intervention Elective neck dissection comparing SMG-sparing level IB dissection technique versus en bloc level IB dissection. Main Outcome Measures LNY, lymph node density, and level IB operative time in both groups were compared between groups (α < .05). Results Median LNY ( P = .543) and lymph node density ( P = 1.000) in level IB did not show significant differences between the groups. LNY in level IB by gland-preserving technique is also not inferior to the conventional en bloc dissection technique (mean difference = 0.217; 95% CI: [−0.597, 1.032]; P = .593). The mean level IB operative time is significantly longer in the gland-preserving group ( P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance None of the examined SMGs were involved by the tumor. SMG-preserving technique is noninferior to the traditional technique of level IB clearance and can be used in elective neck dissections without compromising the LNY. Functional neck dissection has greatly evolved to decrease patient morbidity, and this method can be adopted in case-specific situations. Trial registration The trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry—India (CTRI/2022/05/042344) on May 2, 2023, https://ctri.nic.in/ .

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Predictive Factors for Submandibular Gland Involvement in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma—a Prospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Subcategorization of Perineural Invasion Stratifies Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis

Subcategorization of Perineural Invasion Stratifies Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis

Submandibular gland transfer into the temporal fossa in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A viable option to prevent radiation-induced xerostomia

Submandibular Gland-Sparing Technique Versus En-Bloc Level IB Dissection in Oral Cavity Cancers with N0 Neck Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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