Predictors and Patterns of Local, Regional, and Distant Failure in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva

Abstract

Stromal invasion >2 mm and lymph node extracapsular spread are the most important factors predicting for local and regional failure, respectively. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of adjuvant treatment in high-risk patients are warranted.

The Role of Pathological Margin Distance and Prognostic Factors After Primary Surgery in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva

“…4 In addition, a large study suggested that tumor diameter is an important predictor for recurrence. 1 A relationship between deep stromal invasion and recurrence was shown in some studies.…”

“…1 A relationship between deep stromal invasion and recurrence was shown in some studies. 4,13,16 Although Bogani et al found the difference using the cutoff value of 2 mm for stromal invasion, Iacopani et al 13 used the cutoff value of 4 mm to show the significant correlation between stromal invasion and recurrence. In our study, stromal invasion greater than 9 mm was associated with local and inguinal recurrences.…”

“…2 However, less-invasive procedures such as radical local excision and sentinel lymph node dissection have been shown to provide similar long-term results while minimizing morbidity. 4,5 Providing negative surgical margins remains the most important oncologic principle, whereas positive surgical margin has been linked to local recurrences. 2 Currently, a clear resection margin of 1 to 2 cm to achieve a pathological clear margin of a minimum of 8 mm has been a commonly accepted approach.…”

“…12 A limited number of retrospective studies also identified other significant factors for recurrence and prognosis such as older age, tumor size, close surgical margin, stromal invasion, and adjuvant treatment. 4,13,14 To date, very limited data on the recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival after primary surgery T adjuvant therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in the Turkish population exist. 15 The purpose of our study was to investigate the outcomes and evaluate the prognostic factors for recurrence and prognosis and the role of close margins in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva who were treated with primary surgery at our institution in the last 20 years.…”

Labia majora labioplasty in a morbid obese patient affected by vulvar cancer involving urethra: a case report

“…Approximately 30-40% of vulvar cancer patients are in stage III-IV at presentation (7)(8)(9). The rate of urethral involvement is not defined in literature, but it is underestimated.…”