Predominance and first complete genomic characterization of canine parvovirus 2b in Turkey

Abstract

Viral enteritis is a significant threat to domestic dogs. The two primary pathogens that cause viral enteritis in dogs are canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of CPV-2, CCoV, and canine circovirus coinfection by characterizing circulating subtypes of CPV-2 in faecal samples from symptomatic dogs admitted to veterinary clinics located in Ankara, Elazığ, Kayseri, and Kocaeli provinces of Turkey, between 2019 and 2022. Virus detection by PCR and RT-PCR revealed that CPV-2 was present in 48 (77.4%) samples, and no other agents were detected. Based on the occurrence of the codon GAT at positions 1276 to 1278 (coding for aspartate at residue 426) of VP2, all CPV-2 isolates were confirmed to be of the CPV-2b subtype. The complete genome sequences of two CPV-2b isolates showed a high degree of similarity to and phylogenetic clustering with Australian and East Asian strains/isolates. The predominant CPV strain circulating in the three different regions of Turkey was found to be a CPV-2b strain containing the amino acid substitutions at Y324I and T440A, which commonly contribute to immune escape. This is the first report of complete genomic analysis of CPV-2 isolates circulating in symptomatic domestic dogs in Turkey. The evolution of CPV-2 has raised questions about the efficacy of current vaccination regimes and highlights the importance of monitoring the emergence and spread of new CPV-2 variants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00705-022-05509-4.

Whole genome sequence analysis of canine parvovirus reveals pan-Indian replacement with Novel CPV-2c strain

“…In contrast, the CPV-2a / 2b variants which exhibited Thr440→Ala variations were without Gln370Arg variation. Such documentations were also reported by other researchers [45,46]. Similarly the few CPV-2a variants with Thr440 are also observed with Gln370Arg variation (CPV-2a 370Arg variant).…”

Investigation of canine chaphamaparvovirus, canine bufavirus, and canine adenovirus in dogs with diarrhea: First report of novel canine bufavirus in Turkey

“…The CPV-2b positivity (48/62) and canine circovirus (CCV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV) negativity (0/62) of these samples were confirmed in the previous epidemiological survey [ 30 ]. Template DNA was extracted from the supernatants of the fecal samples using a commercial extraction kit (MinElute Virus Spin Kit, QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany), following the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…In Humans, based on VP1 and VP2 sequences, three genotypes, HBuV-1, HBuV-2, and HBuV-3, have been determined; different genotypes of this virus show ıt had the highly diverse capsid gene [ 40 ]. VP2 of the carnivore protoparvoviruses is a significant capsid protein vital in determining antigenicity, host range, and tissue tropism [ 8 , 30 ]. When the VP2 protein of the selected canine Bufaviruses in this study was examined, more than 50 substitutions were detected, and 16 were specific for CBuV-2.…”

First isolation and molecular characterization of canine parvovirus-type 2b (CPV-2b) from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) living in the wild habitat of Turkey

“…In recent years, many studies have attempted to detect the virus, especially in wild animals. Molecular studies on dogs have found three variants of CPV in local circulation in different regions of Turkey [ 20 , 21 , 28 – 32 ]. However, no reports of any types of CPV were found in wild carnivores, such as foxes, wolves, and coyotes, from our country.…”