Prefrontal high gamma during a magnetoencephalographic working memory task

Carver, Frederick W.; Rubinstein, Daniel; Gerlich, Alan H; Fradkin, Samantha I.; Holroyd, Tom; Coppola, Richard

doi:10.1002/hbm.24489

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In addition to attention, memory provides important clues about the mechanisms of consciousness. For a conscious event to be used for later cognitive operations it must enter dorsal frontoparietal working memory areas (Carver and others 2018; Goldman-Rakic 1996; Persuh and others 2018). Furthermore, to be available for later report as an episodic declarative memory or experience it must reach the medial temporal memory circuits (Hassabis and others 2007; Squire and Wixted 2011; Tulving 2002).…”

Section: Attention Memory and Conscious Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Mechanisms of Conscious Awareness: Detect, Pulse, Switch, and Wave

Blumenfeld

2021

Neuroscientist

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Consciousness is a fascinating field of neuroscience research where questions often outnumber the answers. We advocate an open and optimistic approach where converging mechanisms in neuroscience may eventually provide a satisfactory understanding of consciousness. We first review several characteristics of conscious neural activity, including the involvement of dedicated systems for content and levels of consciousness, the distinction and overlap of mechanisms contributing to conscious states and conscious awareness of transient events, nonlinear transitions and involvement of large-scale networks, and finally the temporal nexus where conscious awareness of discrete events occurs when mechanisms of attention and memory meet. These considerations and recent new experimental findings lead us to propose an inclusive hypothesis involving four phases initiated shortly after an external sensory stimulus: (1) Detect—primary and higher cortical and subcortical circuits detect the stimulus and select it for conscious perception. (2) Pulse—a transient and massive neuromodulatory surge in subcortical-cortical arousal and salience networks amplifies signals enabling conscious perception to proceed. (3) Switch—networks that may interfere with conscious processing are switched off. (4) Wave—sequential processing through hierarchical lower to higher cortical regions produces a fully formed percept, encoded in frontoparietal working memory and medial temporal episodic memory systems for subsequent report of experience. The framework hypothesized here is intended to be nonexclusive and encourages the addition of other mechanisms with further progress. Ultimately, just as many mechanisms in biology together distinguish living from nonliving things, many mechanisms in neuroscience synergistically may separate conscious from nonconscious neural activity.

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Section: Attention Memory and Conscious Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Mechanisms of Conscious Awareness: Detect, Pulse, Switch, and Wave

Blumenfeld

2021

Neuroscientist

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“…Our results obtained in the resting state show that the intensities in the beta and gamma bands were higher in the high-CR subjects than the low-CR subjects, especially in the right temporal region. There is considerable evidence that gamma oscillations are involved in various neurocognitive activities such as perception and working memory (Carver et al 2018). The presence of a correlation between cognitive decline and reduced gamma activity prompted Staufenbiel et al (2014) to use beta and gamma neurofeedback protocols to modulate the performance in cognitive control and memory in the elderly, which revealed a significant increase in the brain activity during each training session.…”

Section: Meg Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of cognitive reserve in healthy older adults based on brain activity using support vector machine

Yang

Lin²

2020

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective: Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the capacity of the brain to actively cope with damage via the implementation of remedial cognitive processes. Traditional CR measurements focus on static proxies, which may not be able to appropriately estimate dynamic changes in CR. This study therefore investigated the cognitive performance and characteristics of brain activity of low- and high-CR healthy adults during resting and n-back task states and categorized subjects according to magnetoencephalographic (MEG) information using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Approach: Forty-one volunteers were divided into groups with low and high CR indexes based on their education, occupational attainment, leisure and social activities. Main results: The results can be summarized as follows. First, subjects with a higher CR had higher accuracies and faster reaction times in the task. Second, subjects with a lower CR had a higher M300 intensity but a constant M300 latency. Third, subjects with a higher CR had a higher beta intensity in the parietal and occipital regions during the task, whereas subjects with a higher CR had a higher gamma intensity in the right temporal region in the resting state. Finally, subjects with a higher CR had negative gamma asymmetry between the right and left occipital regions, whereas subjects with a lower CR had positive values in the resting state. Significance: These MEG results were subsequently used to classify subjects into high-/low-CR subjects using an SVM classifier, and a mean accuracy of 88.89% was obtained. This objective and nonstatic method for determining CR level warrants further research for a wider variety of future clinical applications.

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“…These findings also support our observation that participants with more severe unpleasantness showed enhanced beta oscillatory activity. In contrast, gamma oscillatory activity has a much higher frequency and is associated with neural inhibition 68 (ie, gain control) in cortices and provides insights into activity in local cortical networks 69 . Its amplitude is negatively associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activities 70-72 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, gamma oscillatory activity has a much higher frequency and is associated with neural inhibition 68 (ie, gain control) in cortices and provides insights into activity in local cortical networks. 69 Its amplitude is negatively associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activities. [70][71][72] Cortical GABA concentration is reduced throughout menopausal transition, 73,74 and patients with menopausal symptoms showed enhanced gamma activity, which supports our finding.…”

Section: Brain Activity and Menopausal Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal brain activity reflects the severity of menopausal symptoms

Nakamura,

Hoshi,

Kobayashi

et al. 2024

Menopause

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Objective The severity of menopausal symptoms, despite being triggered by hormonal imbalance, does not directly correspond to hormone levels in the blood; thus, the level of unpleasantness is assessed using subjective questionnaires in clinical practice. To provide better treatments, alternative objective assessments have been anticipated to support medical interviews and subjective assessments. This study aimed to develop a new objective measurement for assessing unpleasantness. Methods Fourteen participants with menopausal symptoms and two age-matched participants who visited our outpatient section were enrolled. Resting-state brain activity was measured using magnetoencephalography. The level of unpleasantness of menopausal symptoms was measured using the Kupperman Kohnenki Shogai Index. The blood level of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were also measured. Correlation analyses were performed between the oscillatory power of brain activity, index score, and hormone levels. Results The level of unpleasantness of menopausal symptoms was positively correlated with high-frequency oscillatory powers in the parietal and bordering cortices (alpha; P = 0.016, beta; P = 0.015, low gamma; P = 0.010). The follicle-stimulating hormone blood level was correlated with high-frequency oscillatory powers in the dorsal part of the cortex (beta; P = 0.008, beta; P = 0.005, low gamma; P = 0.017), whereas luteinizing hormone blood level was not correlated. Conclusion Resting-state brain activity can serve as an objective measurement of unpleasantness associated with menopausal symptoms, which aids the selection of appropriate treatment and monitors its outcome.

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Prefrontal high gamma during a magnetoencephalographic working memory task

Cited by 13 publications

References 76 publications

Brain Mechanisms of Conscious Awareness: Detect, Pulse, Switch, and Wave

Brain Mechanisms of Conscious Awareness: Detect, Pulse, Switch, and Wave

Classification of cognitive reserve in healthy older adults based on brain activity using support vector machine

Dorsal brain activity reflects the severity of menopausal symptoms

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