Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Summary:The relapse rate of multiple sclerosis (MS) is typically reduced during late pregnancy but increases in the postpartum period. The reasons for the increased postpartum activity are not entirely clear, but factors such as the abrupt decrease in oestrogen levels immediately after the delivery and the loss of the immunosuppressive state of pregnancy are likely of importance. There is a general view that MS does not affect the course or outcome of pregnancy.

Maternal plasma proteomics in a rat model of pregnancy complications reveals immune and pro‐coagulant gene pathway activation

“…34,35 It is interesting to note that the current maternal proteomic study revealed elevated production of IGG in BN dams. Increases in maternal IL6 and TNFɑ levels have been shown in women with pre-eclampsia, pro-inflammatory markers that are also upregulated in BN dams.…”

“…Women with Th2-mediated inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus have higher frequency of pre-eclampsia and recurrent miscarriage in association with autoantibody production. 34,35 It is interesting to note that the current maternal proteomic study revealed elevated production of IGG in BN dams. Future assays will reveal whether BN dams produce antibodies that impair fetal growth or placental development.…”

“…IPA was performed using the proteomics assay's findings (Table 1) healthy pregnancy in mammals. 33,34 Therefore, LEW rats could model women with a predisposition to Th1 disease. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] It is well shown that maternal immune maladaptation is a key observation in multiple pregnancy disorders including recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and pre-eclampsia.…”

“…It is well known that pregnancy ameliorates the symptoms of women with pro-Th1 disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 33,34 Therefore, LEW rats could model women with a predisposition to Th1 disease. Future flow cytometry studies are needed to confirm a classic Th1 to Th2 switch in pregnant LEW rats.…”

Information needs and information seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers: a scoping review

“…Information needs were sorted into four main themes: dementia-specific information, patient care-related information, service information and caregiver self-care related information. We evaluated the frequency of information needs and other needs by calculating the percentage of studies that were included in each information need contributing to the main information theme (26,27). We also performed a secondary analysis of the data exploring the associations of different variables and information needs as well as the congruence between available and preferred information sources.…”